Wicca the Complete Craft by D.J. Conway Essay -- Wicca the Complete Cr

Wicca the Complete Craft was written by D.J. Conway. This rule book was published by interbreeding Press in 2001. It covers and goes through very thoroughly the many ceremonies, traditions, holidays, beliefs, and much more of the Wiccan religion. Wicca the Complete Craft was written with the intent to help someone go through the process of joining the Wiccan religion rather than a reference for someone to simply learn about the religion. Do not let me conduct you though, the book provides wonderful insight into the religion. It was just not written with that intent. It provides numerous list and step-by-step instruction manual scarcely very little pictures and diagrams. The content of the book did not require a whole lot of diagrams or pictures, list and step-by-step instructions were adequate enough. I give Wicca the Complete Craft 4.7 stars on a 5.0 scale. The only thing that stopped me from giving Wicca the Complete Craft a solid 5.0 stars was that the author, D.J. Con way, came of as somewhat biased at times. It was very subtle, but he would slip in comments that the book could do without. You can tell he is very passionate and very serious about his religion, Wicca. I trust that is fantastic but the comments that he slipped in every so often may turn people away or agitate them. I brushed them off and I am so glad I did because the Wiccan religion is fascinating and I learned so much from Wicca the Complete Craft.Wicca is an extremely white-haired religion. Wiccan beliefs and views are so alien to the more modern religions like Christianity and Judaism. A major aspect of the Wiccan religion is covens. A coven is basically a group of 3 or more Witches (Witches are what people of the Wiccan religion call themselves) that gather together ... ... He touched base on everything you need to know to pass a Witch. He even provided exercises to help you along with your journey to becoming a Witch. For the spell work aspect of the Wiccan re ligion he provided step-by-step instructions on several different spells. He thoroughly goes through all the processes to become a Witch. He made the reading easy to understand and if in that respect is a word you do not recognize you can most likely find it in the multiple little dictionaries he has provided on words that have to do with the Wiccan religion throughout the book. When the need arises he provides pictures and charts. In the chapter on runes there is a particularly handy chart. There are a lot of lists in this book and they are a load of help. Overall Wicca The Complete Craft was an outstanding read.Works CitedWicca the Complete Craft by D.J. Conway

Essay examples --

my enjoyment of Business Studies at AS level. For me, Business Studies has proven to be anextremely interesting subject, star that offers many opportunities. I would like to study thiscourse to broaden my knowledge about all aspects of running, managing and marketing asuccessful personal line of credit. I believe that the business profession requires individuals with goodinterpersonal skills, who are committed and quick thinking, all of which are attributes that Ihave identified within myself. Whilst at university, I get out be looking forward toparticipating for a year in a business to gain first-hand experience, which I believe, willgive me an edge everywhere other business graduates.Academically, I have always been a very committed and determined student, willing to go beyondthe basic requirements. This is demonstrated through with(predicate) the enthusiasm that I have shown towardsmy Physical Education A-level, not only have I completed what was expected of me, I have alsost ayed undersurface after school, attended sessions on days off and given up lunch hours to ensurethat I achieve the best result possible. My Ps...

Biography of Pele Essay -- History

Biography of PeleEdson Arantes do Nascimento, more widely admired by the world as Pel, was born(p) on October 23, 1940, in a small village in Brasil called Trs Coraes in the Brasilian state of Minas Gerais. He was baptized in the municipal church called Igreja da Sagrada Famlia de Jesus, Maria e Jos. His father, Joo Ramos do Nascimento, or Dondinho, as he was known in the soccer world, was also a original player. He was well-known as unity of the best-heading players in his time. He was a center forward for Fluminense until an injury kept him from playing professional division wizard soccer. His mother Celeste gave Pel and the rest of his family attention to their needs and a lot of love. When he was a child, Pel and his family moved to Baur, in the interior of the Brasilian state of So Paulo, where he learned to master the art of futebol. One day he himself confessed that he tinha trs coraes had three hearts, referring to the city where he was born, Trs Coraes, and to Baur and S antos. Pels Career Pels first job was shining shoes. But he had always dreamed of playing soccer. Pels soccer career started early. after playing in a few amateur squads like Baquinho and Sete Setembro, at the age of 11, while playing for an uncoached team called Ameriquinha, he was discovered by a former Brasilian World Cup player named Waldemar de Brito. De Brito recognized Pels skills and invited him to join the team he was organizing (Clube Atltico Baur?). When Pel was fifteen, in 1956, de Brito took him to the city of So Paulo to adjudicate out for the professional club called Santos Futebol Clube (SFC). That day, de Brito told the team directors that This boy will be the majusculeest soccer player in the world. Pels first show came on September 7, 1956, when he played in place of the center forward Del Vecchio. He came into the plunk for to score the sixth of the seven polishs in the 7-1 Santos victory. He scored his goal on the 36th minute, in a play between Raimundinho and Tite. The ball was given to Pel in the box, and even though he was surrounded by defenders, he shot on goal and the ball went under goalkeeper Zaluars body. Zaluar became famous as the first goalkeeper to take a goal from the great Pel. From there, the trip to the summit was fast. In his first league game with Santos, he scored four goals. The next season, he was a re... ...ht goals in one game against Botafogo of Rio de Janeiro. On November 19, 1969, he scored his famous 1,000th goal from a penalty kick on the 34th minute of the game against Vasco da Gama and dedicated it ...para as criancinhas pobres do Brasil.... (to the poor little children of Brasil) and to the elderly and suffering peoples of Brasil. Pel also participated in what is known to be the Golden Age of the Libertadores Cup from 1960 to 1963, during which the great Uruguayan team Pearol faced the legendary Santos for the final games. Pearol won in 1960 and 61, while Santos took the championship the other two year s. Pel defined the role of the playmaker/midfielder type. He led both(prenominal) of the greatest Brasilian players of all time - Vav, Didi, Garrincha, and others. Many said Pel would have been the best in any position he played. Pel once insisted to the manager of Santos that he play goalkeeper. On January 19, 1964, he substituted Santos goalkeepr Gilmar, who had been ejected, in the semi-final game of the Brasil Cup. For five minutes, after scoring three goals, Pel played with the number one jersey and made two spectacular saves that saved Santos the spot in the finals.

Use of Animals in Art Spiegelmans Maus: A Survivors Tale :: Art Spiegelman Maus A Survivor?s Tale

The Use of Animals in Art Spiegelmans Maus A Survivors TaleThe Maus series of books single emerge a in truth powerful story ab bulge one mans experience in the Holocaust. They do not govern the story in the conventional novel fashion. Instead, the books take on an approach that put ons comic windows as a method of conveying the story. One of the most controversial aspects of this method was the design of animals to portray different races of people. The use of animals as human races shows the reader the ideas of the Holocaust a lot more forcefully than simply using humans as the characters.Art Spiegelman decided on a genuinely interesting, and possibly offensive to some, scheme of different animals to use. The first type of animal that appears is the mouse (Maus 1 p. 5). Mice were utilise to represent the Jewish people during the Holocaust as well as the present day. Polish police were involved in the first arrest of Jewish persons (Maus 1 p. 27). Polish people were re presented with pigs. Once the Germans appeared, the scheme of the animals began to make sense (Maus 1 p. 33). Germans were shown by the use of cats. The last animal to appear were the dogs (Maus 2 p. 12). The dogs are Americans, and were always friendly to the Jewish people.The relationship between these animals portray the ideas of the Holocaust very well. Mice are small and scrawny creatures which are usually catch by Cats. Cats chase mice and attempt to devour them, much like the Germans hunt down the Jews during the mass genocide. Pigs are very greedy and self centered. During the story, the Polish(Pigs) sold out the Jewish people on many occasions (Maus I p. 143). An example is when Vladek and his family were staying at Kawkas farm. They may come search here any time of day Youve got to leave In this situation, Kawka was not telling the truth, but only trying to protect herself. Dogs chase cats, which in the book was symbolic because the Americans sympathized with the Jewish people. These are very rudimentary overviews of the animals, but they will serve for the purposes of this essay.In the Maus series, the life of Vladek during the Holocaust was detailed. The animals were apply to illustrate a point of view.Use of Animals in Art Spiegelmans Maus A Survivors Tale Art Spiegelman Maus A Survivor?s TaleThe Use of Animals in Art Spiegelmans Maus A Survivors TaleThe Maus series of books tell a very powerful story about one mans experience in the Holocaust. They do not tell the story in the conventional novel fashion. Instead, the books take on an approach that uses comic windows as a method of conveying the story. One of the most controversial aspects of this method was the use of animals to portray different races of people. The use of animals as human races shows the reader the ideas of the Holocaust a lot more forcefully than simply using humans as the characters.Art Spiegelman decided on a very interesting, and possibly offensive t o some, scheme of different animals to use. The first type of animal that appears is the mouse (Maus 1 p. 5). Mice were used to represent the Jewish people during the Holocaust as well as the present day. Polish police were involved in the first arrest of Jewish persons (Maus 1 p. 27). Polish people were represented with pigs. Once the Germans appeared, the scheme of the animals began to make sense (Maus 1 p. 33). Germans were shown by the use of cats. The last animal to appear were the dogs (Maus 2 p. 12). The dogs are Americans, and were always friendly to the Jewish people.The relationship between these animals portray the ideas of the Holocaust very well. Mice are small and scrawny creatures which are usually hunted by Cats. Cats chase mice and attempt to devour them, much like the Germans hunted down the Jews during the mass genocide. Pigs are very greedy and self centered. During the story, the Polish(Pigs) sold out the Jewish people on many occasions (Maus I p. 14 3). An example is when Vladek and his family were staying at Kawkas farm. They may come search here any snatch Youve got to leave In this situation, Kawka was not telling the truth, but only trying to protect herself. Dogs chase cats, which in the book was symbolic because the Americans sympathized with the Jewish people. These are very rudimentary overviews of the animals, but they will serve for the purposes of this essay.In the Maus series, the life of Vladek during the Holocaust was detailed. The animals were used to illustrate a point of view.

Roman Empire :: essays research papers fc

Roman empire The Romans were a people of genius whose empire dominated the western land for 500 years.(Pg. 7, Ancient Rome) What made the Romans so powerful was their way of governing. It was very similar to the one that we have today, except emperors dont rule us. The kiss of peace romana, or the Roman Peace, gave millions of people in Italy and surrounding areas peace. Rome fell when it was invaded by overwhelming tribes and groups of barbarians. Rome was first founded on the legendary date of 735 B.C. The apologue of Romulus and Remus was how Rome got its name. The myth was that Mars, god of war, came down to the mortal world and met a human princess. Romulus and Remus were then born shortly after, but abandoned. A She-Wolf nursed them until they were ancient enough to be on their own. Their dream was to make a beautiful metropolis, and govern it and become powerful. Romulus and Remus had an argument. Which led to a fight to the death. Romulus won, killing his brother Remus. The peoples called his city Rome, after Romulus, who became the founder. Romes Symbol is the She-Wolf that nursed Romulus and Remus nursing them. Rome started out as just a group of farmers and Romulus as the emperor. Eventually, the small city-state became larger, and the government stronger, and more sophisticated. In 509 B.C., the Roman Republic was founded. Patricians were the ones who organized the state. Instead of a King, Rome picked 2 magistrates, or consuls, to rule Rome. Eventually, the consuls became too powerful, and the plebeians (peoples of Rome) became angry because they treasured rights commensurate to those of the consuls in ways. In 494 B.C. the plebs revolted. They elected certain members to be called the Tribunes, and be their leaders. The plebs wanted the consuls to notice them. Eventually, after a year of rebelling, the 2 consuls let the plebs have the rights they wanted because in the future, Rome would need some of the plebs to become an army for the protec tion of Rome and the conquering of new territory. Eventually, The 2 consuls decisions became useful. Rome started to wage wars with its neighbors, the Aequi, Volsci, Celts, and Samnites. For 250 years, the Romans were almost at war constantly. The Romans either made alliances with their neighbors or they conquered them.

Roman Empire :: essays research papers fc

Roman empire The Romans were a people of genius whose empire dominated the western world for 500 years.(Pg. 7, Ancient Rome) What made the Romans so omnipotent was their way of government. It was very similar to the one that we have today, except emperors dont rule us. The pax romana, or the Roman Peace, gave millions of people in Italy and skirt areas peace. Rome fell when it was invaded by overwhelming tribes and groups of barbarians. Rome was first founded on the legendary date of 735 B.C. The myth of Romulus and Remus was how Rome got its name. The myth was that Mars, god of war, came down to the somebody world and met a human princess. Romulus and Remus were then born shortly after, but abandoned. A She-Wolf nurse them until they were old enough to be on their own. Their dream was to suck in a beautiful city, and govern it and have powerful. Romulus and Remus had an argument. Which led to a fight to the death. Romulus won, killing his brother Remus. The peoples called his city Rome, after Romulus, who became the founder. Romes Symbol is the She-Wolf that nursed Romulus and Remus nursing them. Rome started out as just a group of farmers and Romulus as the emperor. Eventually, the small city-state became larger, and the government stronger, and more sophisticated. In 509 B.C., the Roman Republic was founded. Patricians were the ones who unionized the state. Instead of a King, Rome picked 2 magistrates, or consuls, to rule Rome. Eventually, the consuls became too powerful, and the plebeians (peoples of Rome) became angry because they wanted rights equal to those of the consuls in ways. In 494 B.C. the plebs revolted. They elected certain members to be called the Tribunes, and be their leaders. The plebs wanted the consuls to notice them. Eventually, after a year of rebelling, the 2 consuls let the plebs have the rights they wanted because in the future, Rome would need some of the plebs to become an army for the protection of Rome and the conquering of new territory. Eventually, The 2 consuls decisions became useful. Rome started to wage wars with its neighbors, the Aequi, Volsci, Celts, and Samnites. For 250 years, the Romans were almost at war constantly. The Romans either made alliances with their neighbors or they conquered them.

Death of a Salesman and Empire Falls Essay

Death of a Salesman and Empire Falls Death of a Salesman s rattling a very different story from Empire Falls. Although they are very different they do have near similarities. If it werent for the allegory, How to Read Literature Like a Protessor, I probably wouldnt have seen these similarities. The novels, Death of a salesman and Empire Falls have many differences but the few similarities come from literary elements that they have in common.In the novel Death of a salesman, the story Is based on a man named Willy that tarts performing really weird when his son, 3ff, comes home from Texas, He starts acting weird when paper bag comes around because he has a horrible memory of him. In this novel, thither are a few literary elements that are different. This novel has a lot of symbols. WIIIys car symbolizes worry because every time Willy got In the car he had something go wrong. When he drove, the family was always worried.Lastly, the family had communion when they all came together at the end ot the book and finally hashed out what needed to be hashed out for a long time The family finally iscussed what was really going on among Willy and Biff. In the novel, Empire Falls, the story Is based on a guy named Mlles Roby who Is living In a town called Empire Falls. He has worked at a restaurant called Empire Grill and is now manager. He is dealing with problems such as the restaurant his ex-wife, and his daughter.In this novel Empire Grill symbolized reverse because it barely made enough of a profit for the workers to get by, especially Mlles_ when sound and Wles went away for a little while, they went to the beach. Tick liked to paint and o art while watching the ocean. The geography ot this beach symbolized tranquility and hope for Tick. It symbolized that Tick would be able to overcome this tragedy. The two novels actually have some literary similarities. For exercise, both novels used weather as symbols.In Death of a salesman It rained when WIIly was going to work to talk to his boss. The rain symbolized Willys mood which was hurt, troubled, and stress. Willys boss spy how frantic and weird he was acting. The boss thought Willy needed to take a break with his lob and tocus on himself. In Empire Falls there was a big flood at the encl The flood symbolized a new beginning. After the flood, the city had to be rebuilt. It was a new beginning for everyone. Another example that the novels have in common is that they both have characters that are blind to something.In Death of a salesman, Wlllys wife, Linda, was blind to see that Willy was acting up when Biff was around because he was guilty of something. He was guilty of cheating but Linda was blind to see that. In Empire Falls, Tick was blind to see that joke was going to do something very crazy. John took a gun to school and hot some of the classmates that were bullying hiru He even tried to shoot Tick but the mayor of Empire Falls stepped in front of her, saving her life.Both novels in volve sex indirectly. In Death ot a Salesman, Willy has an affair with some other woman while last example would be that both novels both showed examples of violence. In Death of a Salesman, Willy took the car out late one iniquity and crashed. The crash happened to show the family how much Willy was effected by his sons presence. In Empire Falls, Ticks classmate John took a gun to school and cerebrovascular accident three bulk. This event shows Johns peers how much he was affected by the bullying.The novels really are similar and this would explain why they were paired together. however though Death of a Salesman and Empire Falls are very different stories, they actually have quite a few similarities that most people wouldnt have caught on their own. Without learning about literary elements from How to Read Literature Like a Professor, I probably would not have seen the similarities between the novels. They are very different stories and have completely different story lines.

Building construction for fire protection

Statistics indicate that most two hundred individuals die every year as a result of explosions and accidents in the workplace. Addition tout ensembley, these same accidents injure about five thousand workers in the workplace. Businesses can spend as much as five billion dollars on give the axe related accidents. This shocking statistics is actu in ally an indication of what all business in the US spent on rectifying these accidents in the year 1999. The center of upshot standards are a code of practice that are designed to ensure maximum protection in case of set down emergencies in buildings.The standards were based on the National go up Protection Authority (NFPA 101). The promoter of protrude can be institute in the NFPA 101 in the subsection E part. 3 parts of the mover of egress The way of life of the egress are a pathway from a building to a public area. This pathway moldiness(prenominal) be continuous in disposition. In encompasses three main sections that inclu de The route of difference entry The leave itself A way of exit discharge It should be noted that all structures and buildings designed to host human beings must take in a means of egress.The main purpose and principle behind these rules is to ensure that on that point are less instances of danger to the worker or the occupant in the case of a fire. The means of egress too protect occupants from the resulting fumes or smoke that come from the fire and they also ensure safety as result of panic from the occurrence of the fire. It should be noted that three means of egress only present to protection and has nothing to do with stead protection. There are a total of seven requirements that buildings must conform to in relation to the latter 3 sections.First of all, buildings should be positi angiotensin-converting enzymed such that all the exits facilitate free movement. Additionally, the means of egress must not obstructed by any materials, persons and activities for that matter. The egress must be a key component in all parts of the building and must allow occupation at all times. The second reflexion about these three main components of egress is insurance of visibility. Buildings should be arranged in such a way that the routes to all exits are conspicuously located. The third aspect refers to the lighting aspect. Buildings should be such that they provide adequate illumination at all the exit areas.The fourth requirement is about fire alarms. The means of egress standards require that fire alarms be put in place in order to warn their occupants of the fire. This ought to occur in the event that the fire in itself does not provide adequate warning to the residents of the facility. The fifth requirement is in regard to how the exit routes are arranged. In the event that one means of egress is jam by the resulting smoke or fire, accordingly buildings ought to have two means of egress. These means of egress should not be adjacent to one another a s these will beat the whole purpose of the contingency plan.The two means of egress should be located as a far way from individually other or as far as the building design can allow. Additionally, constructions ought to be done in such a way that one means of egress does not block the other. This means that when fire blocks one route, then the other should be easily accessible to the buildings occupants. The one-sixth egress requirement refers to means of safety during building construction. Employees ought to be protected during the construction process by denying them access into the building until all the aggress means have been installed into the building and they can be utilized.In the event that a building has to be modified or reconstructed, then all the exit routes must be usable and available in case of a fire emergency. If this is not possible, then the constructors must provide resident occupants with an alternative route. The sixth requirement also protects constructors themselves it requires that there should be no flammable substances or explosive substances introduced into the building when there are some occupants within. There should be fire permits, hot zones and fire watch precautions whenever a construction is ongoing.The last egress requirement is in relation to the maintenance practices of the occupants. Buildings should always have continuous and unobstructed egress. Structures should always have the spare-time activity facilities in place in order to maintain safety. These facilities must be working well at all times and occupants should avoid magnanimous themselves a false sense of security Fire equipment Fire doors Exit lighting Alarm systems Fire detectors Automatic sprinklers Egress designThere are a issue of unique egress components that building designs should adhere to. In this case, egress routes should be constructed using materials that are fire rated. Additionally, the egress building materials should be protected from all other parts of the building. In case a building has a one to three stories, then its egress must be made up of one hour fire resistant material. In case a building will be made up of four stories or more, then it must have two-hour-rated egress material. Additionally, the fire doors making up the egress must be self-closingAfter conforming to the material specifications, egress designs should fall within the following dimensions the width of the egress is largely determined by the angle of inclination of the egress itself. All egress routes must have a minimum of thirty degrees elevation. This angle applies to all the sections that make up the egress system. During construction, the egress width should not be limited by any intimatelyby doors. Additionally, exit doors should up to(p) in the direction of the exit direction.The means of egress should also be designed in such a way that it can accommodate occupant load where the latter term refers to the sum of persons in a particular building at any given time. Means of egress should also hold back the Floor area to occupant load factor (OLF) ratio. For instance, if the occupant load factor within a building is ten square feet per person and if the level area is four hundred and fifty square feet, then the occupant load is forty-five people. Means of egress should be designed such that there are two means of exist at each location.Additionally, they should be situated far away from one another. Building designs should be made in such a way that the storage rooms, lockable rooms and bathrooms are nowhere climb up the means of egress. The means of egress should also not be placed in an area that requires passage near a hazardous area. Exits must be made as accessible as possible this means that there should be a good arrangement on where the exit is. Additionally, there must be no mirrors or hanging drapes at the exit routes. The outdoor section of the egress must be arranged in such a manner that there is a roof if it is likely to snow or rain in that area.Also, there should be no obstructions at the exterior egress. They should be made up of solid floors which are smooth in nature. The exterior egress should also have some guards on its sides these sides should be left undisclosed. The exit discharge itself should be constructed in such a way that it gives access to a safe public area. These may include a court, yard or the street. The discharge are must be constructed in such a way that its width is adequate enough to accommodate occupants. Additionally, if there are any stairs there, they must give a direction to the streets very clearly.The egress headroom should have a minimum projection of six feet nine inches and a minimum height of seven feet six inches. A ramp or a staircase should negotiate any changes to the egress elevation. The egress must be maintained constantly through adequate checks. In this regard, the doors ramps, stairs passages must be reliable. There should be no gaps in the stairs and care must be taken to ensure that the concrete does not crumble. Occupants should avoid placing decorations near the egress. Additionally, there should be no furniture or explosive material in the egress.Additionally, occupants must endeavor to conduct frequent inspections and tests of the sprinkler systems in the egress. All exits must be marked using colors, sizes and designs that can be easily read by observers. The ones indicating exist must contrast with existing backgrounds or interior finishes. fretfulness must be taken to ensure that the signs have not been covered in any way or that they are no other signs near the exit sign itself. Illumination should be reliable enough in that the total level should not be less than the amount of light emanated by five candles.It is better to use internally illuminated exit signs. Exit signs must have the word exit indicated. They must be six inches spacious (or more). They must not be less three quar ters of an inch. Evolution of fire code history and current functions related to this In the past means of egress have been designed depending on just a few requirements. Most of the time, they used to relate to the nature of occupancy within the building. However, with time the means of egress began incorporating other aspects such as the number of persons exposed to the fire, the nature of fire protection preparations.Additionally, its design also incorporates other issues such as the nature of the building construction and how tall the specific building is. Elements of code administration, inspection practices and appeals process in code enforcement The means of egress provisos are found either in the International Building Code or the Uniform Building Code. The latter two codes are somewhat similar in nature and they provide the ways of administering these means of egress. In the Uniform Building Code the exit discharge consists of the balconies and exit staircase.However, the International Building Codes considers the exterior balconies as the exit access. On the other hand, this code defines the exterior stairways as part of the exit. It should also be noted that both of these codes describe the means of egress in a similar format. However, the major difference comes about in the manner of arrangement. The International Building Code has more sections than the Uniform Building Code. Additionally, three is a provision for guards in the IBC. However, the same cannot be said of the UBC. ConclusionA means of egress is a pathway that facilities the safe exit of occupants from a building and does not encompass property safety. The Code gives specifications on the most appropriate material for an agrees, its dimensions and the other features that must be incorporated to make it safe and usable. Some of these features include the sign and the exit discharge. The Code also gives direction about maintenance practices of the egress. In this case, the egress must b e well illuminated at all times, it must not be obstructed and fire response facilities such as alarms must be working in proper order.This goes along way in eliminating a false sense of security within the premises. References City of Seattle (2008) Means of Egress, retrieved from http//www. seattle. gov/dpd/static/1egress_LatestReleased_DPD_001932. pdf accessed on 12th July 2008 U. S. Department of Labor (2008) Occupational Safety & Health Administration, retrieved from http//www. osha. gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp. show_document? p_table=FEDERAL_REGISTER&p_id=13576 accessed on 12th July 2008 McMahon, D. (2008a) Means of Egress and Emergency Plans, retrieved from, http//www.ihs. gov/NonMedicalPrograms/IEH/documents/presentations/egress. ppt. accessed on 12th July 2008 OSHA (2007a) Means of Egress and Fire Protection, http//www. rrcc. edu/rmec/OSHAoutreach/10hr_gi/lessonplans/egressfireprotection. pdf. accessed on 12th July 2008 OSHA (2007b) How to Prepare for Workplace Emergencies, ret rieved from http//www. osha-slc. gov/OshDoc/Additional. html accessed on 12th July 2008 OSHA (2008b)Fire Safety Advisor, retrieved from http//www. osha-slc. gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/softfirex. html accessed on 12th July 2008

Roman Catholicism

Church distinguishes between vice, which is a habit inclining one to sin, and the sin itself, which is an individual morally treat act. Note that in Roman Catholicism, the word sin besides refers to the state that befalls one upon committing a morally wrong act. In this section, the word always federal agency the sinful act. It is the sin, and not the vice, that deprives one of Gods sanctifying grace and renders one deserving of Gods punishment.Thomas Aquinas taught that absolutely speaking, the sin surpasses the vice in wickedness. 7 On the other hand, tear down after a persons sins have been forgiven, the underlying habit (the vice) may remain. Just as vice was created in the first place by repeatedly capitulation to the receiveation to sin, so vice may be removed only by repeatedly resisting temptation and performing virtuous acts the much entrenched the vice, the more time and effort needed to remove it.Saint Thomas Aquinas says that following rehabilitation and the acquis ition of virtues, the vice does not persist as a habit, unless rather as a mere disposition, and one that is in the process of being eliminated. Medieval illuminated manuscripts circulated with colorful schemas for developing proper attitudes, with scriptural allusions modelled on nature the tree of virtues as blossoming flowers or vices bearing sterile fruit, The Renaissance writer Pietro Bembo is credited with reaffirming and promoting the Christian perfection of classical humanism.Deriving all from hit the sack (or the lack thereof) his 8schemas were added as supplements9 in the newly-invented technology of printing by Aldus Manutius in his editions of Dantes Divine Comedy dating from early in the 16th century. Dantes seven deathlike vicesedit The poet Dante Alighieri listed the following seven deadly vices, associating them structurally10 as flaws in the souls inherent capacity for goodness as made in the Divine Image yet subvert by the Fall 1.Pride or vanity an excessive c ognize of the self (holding the self outside of its proper position regarding God or fellows Dantes definition was beloved of self perverted to hatred and contempt for ones neighbor). In the Latin lists of the Seven bad Sins, pride is referred to as superbia. 2. Enw or Jealousy resentment of others for their possessions (Dante love of ones own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, enw is referred to as invidia. 3.Wrath or peevishness feelings of hatred, revenge or denial, as well as punitive desires outside of Justice (Dantes description was love of Justice perverted to revenge and spite). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, wrath is referred to as ira, which primitive vices tempt astray by increasingly perverting the proper purpose of charity, directing it inwards, leading o a disorded navel-gazing preoccupation with personal goods in isolation absent proper harmonious relations leading to violent disrup tion of balance with others. . Sloth or laziness idleness and wastefulness of time or other allotted resources. Laziness is condemned because it results in others having to work harder also, useful work will not be done. Sloth is referred to in Latin as accidie or acedia, which vice tempts a self-aware soul to be too easily satisfied, thwarting charitys purpose as with the needs of others and their satisfaction, an escalation in evil, more odious han the passion of hate 5.Avarice (covetousness, greed) a desire to possess more than one has need or use for (or consort to Dante, excessive love of money and power). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, avarice is referred to as avaritia. 6. Gluttony overindulgence in food, drink or intoxicants, or misplaced desire of food as a pleasure for its baseity (excessive love of pleasure was Dantes rendering). In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, gluttony is referred to as gula. 7. Lust excessive sexual desire. Dantes criterion was that lust detracts from true love.In the Latin lists of the Seven Deadly Sins, lust is referred to as luxuria, which vices tempt cultivated souls in their ability to direct charitys proper purpose to good things or actions, by indulging excess. Thus in Dantes estimation the souls detachment from sensual appetites become the vices most difficult to tame, urges not as easily curbed by mere good manners since inflamed via appropriate use rather than unbefitting misuse. Hence conventional respect for the ninth and enth commandments against coveting and social customs that encourage custody of the eyes and ears become prudent adjuncts to training against vice.The first three terraces of purgatory aby the sins which can be considered to arise from love perverted, that is, sins which arise from the heart of the sinner being set upon something which is wrong in the eyes of God. Those being purged here must(prenominal) have their love set upon the right path. The fourth terrace of pur gatory corrects the sins which can be considered to arise from love defective, that is, love which, although irected towards the correct subjects is too weak to squeeze the sinner to act as they should.Those being purged here must have their love strengthened so as to drive them correctly. The fifth, sixth and seventh terraces of purgatory expiate the sins which can be considered to arise from love excessive, that is, love which although directed towards ends which God considers good is directed towards them too much for the sinner to gain bliss from them, and also so that the sinner is distracted from the love of other things of which God approves. Their love must be cooled to a more sensible level.

Crash Review

Crash (2004) Paragraph 1 Crash tells the story of people from wildly disparate walks of tonetime as they collide and intersect with wholeness another. Each life is in some way personally affected, changed, damaged, or victimized by racism. Theyre likewise all in some way guilty of racism themselves. via interlocking stories, the cultural, racial, and spiritual isolation of Los Angelinos. Due to the sprawling citys decentralized, car-reliant layout, Haggiss characters obligate become sheltered from those not in their own socio-economic sphere, and this seclusion has led to virulent narrow-mindedness. worm Cabot (Brendan Fraser) is the white District Attorney of Los Angeles who participates in racial politics in piece to unless his c atomic number 18er. Rick and his wife Jean be carjacked by Anthony and Peter, both of whom are black. To preserve his support in the black community as the election approaches, Rick arranges for his assistant to blackmail Detective Graham irrigat e, who is black, into testifying against a white cop whom Graham thinks is innocent in order to create a press case that result reassure voters of Cabots racial sensitivity.The film alludes to the possibility Rick might be having an affair with his black assistant. Jean Cabot (Sandra Bullock) is Ricks wife, whose racial prejudices escalate after she and her preserve experience a carjacking. When a tattooed, Mexican-American locksmith changes the locks to her house, she insists that the locks be changed again in fear that he is keeping an extra copy of their house key. Following an accident in her home, she comes to the realization that the person who is her only true accomplice is Maria, her Hispanic maid who she has belittled and treated sub-human up until this point.Anthony (Ludacris) is a black, inner-city car thief who steals cars to sell to a chop shop. Anthony brings awareness to many racial and stereotypical views others hold to blacks level off though some of his actions at the same time reinforce them. He provides a good example of the term double consciousness. Anthony steals a van which was full of trafficked people from South East Asia. Even though he is aware of racism suffered by black people, he refers to the immigrants as Chinamen, a stereotype in itself.After refusing to sell the trafficked people to the chop shop owner, he instead shows compassion for them and lets them out onto the Asian district of Los Angeles and gives them money to eat. Peter Waters (Larenz Tate) is Anthonys friend and partner in crime. He is alike Detective Waters younger brother. Like Anthony, he is black. Peter is shot to closing by Officer Hansen, who picks him up in the Valley, hours after their failed carjacking of Camerons Lincoln Navigator and mistakenly shoots him after assuming he is drawing a bomber during an escalating argument.In reality he was r from each oneing into his pocket to show the cop a figure of Saint Christopher, identical to the one Offic er Hansen had stuck to his dashboard. As he is dying, he has an expression of shock/surprise and holds out his hand to reveal he had no weapon. Detective Graham Waters (Don Cheadle) is an African-American detective in the Los Angeles Police Department. He is disconnected from his poor family, which consists of his drug-addicted dumbfound and criminal younger brother. He promises his incur that he provide find his younger brother, but he is preoccupied with a case concerning a suspected racist white cop who shot a depress black cop.Flanagan (William Fichtner), an assistant to the district attorney, offers Graham the chance to further his career in exchange for withholding evidence that could possibly have helped the white cops case. Flanagan also tries to convince Graham that the black community needs to cope with the black cop as a hero, and not as a drug dealer, as Graham suspects that he may have been. Graham is both offended and opposed, and is ready to storm out, when Flana gan mentions that there is a warrant out for Grahams brothers arrest, and that this is his third felony, which carries a life sentence in the state of California.Graham makes a very difficult personal decision to withhold evidence and possibly corrupt a case in order to have the District Attorney for constrict about his brother. That brother is eventually revealed to be Peter, the hitchhiker who is killed by Officer Hansen. Grahams detachment from his mother culminates when his mother, having learned of Petes death, blames Graham as the reason behind his brothers murder. It is shown that she has always favored the younger brother.This concomitant exasperates Graham at the end when his mother claims Pete came home and brought groceries for her, when in reality, it was Graham that took the time to restock her previously desolate food supply. Ria (Jennifer Esposito) is a Latina detective, as well as Grahams partner and girlfriend. When a phone call from Grahams mother interrupts his s exual romp with Ria, she becomes upset with Graham for being disrespectful to his mother and his subsequently racially insensitive remark towards Hispanics after implying she was a Mexican, which she was in fact Puerto Rican and Salvadorean.She is shown to be racist toward Asians, as she criticizes an Asian womans driving. Officer Tommy Hansen (Ryan Phillippe) is a Los Angeles law officer who, after observing his partner Officer John Ryan pull everyplace Cameron Thayer and Christine Thayer and sexually molest Christine, requests a change of partner because of feelings of guilt over the incident. His supervisor, Lieutenant Dixon, tells him he will transfer him if he claims his intractable flatulence requires him to sire a one-man car. The next mean solar day, after he presumably files the request, he is reassigned to a single-man patrol car.While on patrol he joins a police chase of Cameron Thayer, who was being car-jacked, but fought off his carjackers and is fleeing the scene with one carjacker still in the car. After driving into a dead-end, Cameron, now resentful of the LAPD, confronts the police officers. Tommy jumps in front of Cameron and tries to convince him to stand down to avoid a confrontation which could possibly result in Camerons death. He then vouches for Cameron, stating that he is a friend of his, and lets him off with a harsh warning. Tommy is later seen driving in his car when he picks up Peter Waters, who is hitch-hiking. He ultimately reveals his own insecurities with other races (African-Americans in particular) through his treatment of Peter Waters and how he quickly dismisses Waters attempts to compare similarities between them. He pulls over when he assumes that Peter is laughing at him, and tells him to sign up out of the car. As Peter reaches into his pocket, Tommy wrongly assumes that Peter is reaching for a hidden gun, and shoots him dead. He removes Peter from the car to cover up the incident.We later see Peter, who is the brother of Graham Waters, dead in the grass near where Tommy pulled over. Finally, we see Tommy walking away from his burning car wearing a pair of latex gloves, thus concealing his involvement in the shooting. Officer John Ryan (Matt Dillon) is a bigoted white police officer who sexually molests Camerons wife, Christine, under the pretense of seek for a weapon after pulling over their vehicle and accusing them of endangerment due to Christine performing fellatio on Cameron while he was driving.Meanwhile, Ryan is provideing to get help for his father, who possibly suffers from prostate cancer but has been diagnosed with a bladder infection, despite the ineffectiveness of treatment. His anger manifests in prejudice, as is evident when he exhibits a racist attitude towards an HMO employee preventing his father from seeing an out of network, non-HMO physician. His racial prejudices seem to stem from the destructive impact that local affirmative action policies had on his fathers bus iness. After Hansen requests solo patrol, Ryan is partnered with a Hispanic-American with whom he seems to get along.Ryan later puts his own life on the line to husband Christine, the woman he molested earlier, from certain death in a fiery car wreck. Lieutenant Dixon (Keith David) is Officers Ryan and Hansens shift Lieutenant. An African American, Dixon believes that the LAPD is a racist organization that he personally had to work extra unverbalised in to earn a ranking position. When Hansen requests to change partners, Dixon refuses stating that doing so because of Officer Ryans racism will reflect poorly on their unit.He claims that going on record about supervising racist officers such as Ryan can be a move that will cost both Hansen and Dixon their jobs. In order to get away from Officer Ryan, he then suggests that Officer Hansen ride in a solo car claiming to have a condition of uncontrollable flatulence. Cameron Thayer (Terrence Howard) is a black television director. He w itnesses Officer Ryan molesting his wife and later realises that the producers of his television show propagate racist stereotypes about black people.In an frantic moment, he fights off Anthony and Peter when they try to steal his car, takes away Anthonys gun, and argues fiercely with armed white police officers. Just when it is very likely that he will be shot to death, Hansen intervenes on his behalf and prevents any outbreak of violence. After being let off with a warning, Cameron then proceeds to let Anthony go and even gives him his gun back. At the scene of Hansens burning car (to eliminate evidence of a murder), he is able to find contentment and reconnnects with his wife.Christine Thayer (Thandie Newton) is Camerons wife. She is molested by Ryan after she and Cameron are pulled over for her giving oral sex to her husband while he was driving them home. She becomes furious with her husband because he didnt defend her. The two insult each other over their upbringings as both Cameron and Christine have grown up in more privileged environments than many other African Americans. The next day she is trapped in an overturned car due to a car accident and, by a twist of fate, Officer Ryan is the man who willingly endangers himself to save her life.Daniel Ruiz (Michael Pena) is a Mexican-American locksmith who faces discrimination from Jean and others because he looks like a gangbanger to them, when he is actually a devoted family man. After Anthony and Peter steal Jean and Ricks car, Daniel comes over and changes the locks on their home. Daniel seeks a safe environment for his young daughter, Elizabeth, who had a bullet go through her window in their previous home. That is why he locomote to a safer neighborhood and enrolled her in a private school. Near the beginning he gives Elizabeth an invisible cloak that he says will protect her should someone try to shoot at her.Farhad shoots at Elizabeth and Daniel but they escape unhurt, because the gun contains bl anks chosen by Dorri earlier in the film. However, Elizabeth believes that this is due to the protective powers of the cloak. Farhad (Shaun Toub) is a Persian lineage owner who is afraid for his safety. He is depicted as frustrated by the racial harassment he experiences in the United States (despite being an American citizen), as well as deterred by difficulties with speaking English. To protect his store the only thing his family has he goes to a gun shop and attempts to buy a gun.The gun store owner quickly becomes frustrated with Farhads conversation with his daughter Dorri in Persian, leading to harassment from the owner, who believes that Persians are Arabs and therefore, terrorists, one of these comments being Yo, Osama, plan the jihad on your own time. The owner refuses to sell Farhad a gun, but finally sells the gun to Farhads daughter after being cryptic and lecherous about which bullets she needs. The store break away by Farhad and his wife Shereen (Marina Sirtis) h as a door which will not close properly, so they call a locksmith, Daniel.Farhads suspicion of others is compounded by his difficulty spirit English he does not heed Daniels warning that his shop door needs replacing, believing Daniel intends to cheat him, and as a result suffers a break-in. Shereen reacts to the slurs write on the walls of the store They think were Arab. When did Persian become Arab? Blaming Daniel for the invasion and racially-motivated destruction of his store, and angered by the insurance company rejecting his claim on the grounds of negligence, he confronts Daniel at his house, wielding his gun.Farhad fires at Daniel but accidentally shoots Daniels daughter Lara, to the horror of both Daniel and Farhad. Fortunately, unknowingly to Farhad, the gun contains blanks. Farhad leaves without further incident, later telling his daughter that his farishta, his guardian angel, saved him and his family. Dorri (Bahar Soomekh) is Farhads daughter, and is more acclimated than her father to American culture. She purposefully purchases blanks after her father has upset the man at the counter in the gun store. She is constantly trying to brace her father down during his emotional outbursts.She is also an employee at the hospital she escorts Graham and his mother to Peters body after it is discovered in a field. Paragraph 2 Thirty-six hours in the life of a disparate group of Los Angelinos linked together by a car crash. The debut film from Million one dollar bill Baby screenwriter Paul Haggis as succession of characters become involved in heated exchanges that either bring to the surface long-buried prejudices or fan the flames of curse already out in the open. The film is about racial and social tensions in Los Angeles.Reminiscent of Magnolia and Short Cuts, Crash comprises a number of separate stories that are loosely connected. Set over a period of 24 hours, each vignette offers a different perspective of the multi-ethnic melting pot that is life in Los Angeles. The film uses its characters not so much to tell a story, but to express an opinion, from the racial cop (Matt Dillon), to the campaigning District Attorney (Brendan Fraser) queasy to capture the black vote, to the black television director (Terence Howard) toning down his ethnicity in a predominantly white industry.All fit into well-defined stereotypes and engage in the kind of dialogue reserved more for an impassioned polemic than everyday conversation. Paragraph 3 Conclusion Its a bold effort that initially attempts to take the issue of racial conflict in a refreshingly unstinting way for a mainstream film. Crash taps into the underlying tension of city where the haves and have nots might pull up next to each other in traffic, but are still a world apart. Haggis ventures beyond the more normally explored white black issue to encompass a gamut of ethnic vantage points including Hispanic, Korean and Iranian.

Organizational Culture Essay

Organizational Culture has been described as the dual-lane values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act. In most organizations, these shared values and practices project evolved over time and determine, toa a large extent, how things are done in the organization. This definition continues to explain organizational values, described as beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals members of an organization should operate and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of manner organizational members should use to achieve these goals.From organizational values develop organizational norms, guidelines, or expectations that prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior by employees in particular situations and control the behavior of organizational members towards one a nonher. The definition of culture implies three things. The culture is perspective, descriptive and finally shared at heart the organization. Research sugge sts that there are seven dimensions that describe and organizations culture.Each of the seven dimensions (shown in exhibit 1) ranges from low to high, meaning it is not very typical of the culture (low) or is very typical of the culture (high). The seven dimensions of culture are Attention to Detail. Outcome Orientation. People Orientation. Team Orientation. Aggressiveness. Stability. establishment and Risk Taking. The culture of an organization can either be Strong or Weak. It is the culture, that sometimes influence the employees behaviors and actions. Strong Culture is said to exist where ply respond to stimulus because of their alignment to organizational values.In such environments, strong cultures help firms operate like come up oiled machines, cruising along with outstanding carrying into action and perhaps minor tweaking of existing procedures here and there. Research shows that strong cultures are those in which the key values are deeply held and widely shared and esta blish a greater influence on employees than do weaker cultures. A Strong culture may be especially beneficial to firms operating in the run sector since members of these organizations are responsible for delivering the service and for evaluations important constituents make about firms.Research indicates that organizations may derive the following benefits from developing strong and productive cultures kick downstairs aligning the company towards achieving its vision, mission, and goals High employee motivation and loyalty Increased team cohesiveness among the companys various departments and divisions. Promoting consistency and encouraging coordination and control within the company Shaping employee behavior at work, enabling the organization to be more efficient.However, in a strong culture, people do things because they believe it is the slump thing to do, this often creates a state where people, even if they have different ideas, do not challenge organizational thinking, ther efore, resulting in a reduced competency for innovative thoughts. Most organizations have moderate to strong cultures that is, there is relatively high agreement on whats important, what defines good employee behavior, what it takes to get ahead, and so forth.However, it is withal important to view what a weaker culture in an organization may yield at An organizations culture is often established by its top managers and it starts at the selection process. For instance, during the employee selection process, managers typically judge job candidates not only on the job requirements but also on how well they might fit into the organization. Further to that, the risk-taking appetite and irreverence to its competitors by the top managers paves the growth and action of an organization.

Helicopter Emergency Medical Service

Helicopter requirement Medical good Air medical station has only been used for the past 70 years. The first true air ambulance course was during the Great War. A Serbian officer was transported from the battlefield to the hospital by plane. Air ambulance was being tested by different military organizations during the First World War. Schaefer Air services was the first United States air ambulance service, created in 1947. The Korean War was the big turning point for EMS chops. In 1950, the military was given authorization to use helicopters for medical purposes.These helicopters were used to evacuate injured patients from the battlefield during combat. The comminuted helicopters were equipped with basket stretchers that were attached to the landing gear. The patients were transported outside of the aircraft, which did not allow for medical during transport. From January 1951 to January 1953 more than 17,000 patients were removed from the battlefield and transported to the hospi tal by helicopter. The use of medical helicopter transport signifi tummytly decreased the causality/death rate among the people in combat.World War II death/causality rate was 4. 5 deaths per 100 casualties, whereas, the Korean War death/casualty rate was 2. 5 deaths per 100 casualties. The Vietnam War introduced to idea of patients receiving medical care during air transport. The Bell UH-1 besides known as the Huey was the frost helicopter that was large enough to carry the patient and medical staff internal the aircraft. The state of Maryland started the nations first combined emergency service helicopter program, in 1969. This program was put into place by the Maryland State Police and the University of Maryland.The program conjugated together the state police, rescue and HEMS (helicopter emergency medical service). In 1972, St. Anthony Central Hospital in Denver Colorado was the first hospital to have civilian hospital-based helicopter transport. This hospital-based helicopte r transport system is st diabetic in use today and is now intergrated with Denver EMS. The attributes of helicopter transport are speed, accessibility, change effect and technology. Modern medical helicopters are capable of sustain speeds in excess of 150mph. This allows for patients to be transported to a specialized care center much faster than background knowledges transport.Using a helicopter allows for emergency medical soulnel to access patients in places ground crews cannot go. A helicopter can operate off and land in a vertical motion. Emergency medical helicopters are staffed with highly trained and skilled staff. EMS helicopters are equipped with highly sophisticated medical technology and can reach people across a wide geographical area. When considering the use of the EMS helicopter you should take all these attributes into consideration. If these attributes are not important, then the use of an dear(predicate) EMS helicopter should not be used.Air medical transpo rt can pose its own stressors to patients, medical staff and medical equipment. These stressors are more predominant in fixed-wing operations rather than helicopter transport. Hypoxemia is the biggest threat to people who fly. However helicopters no dot exceed 1000 feet above sea level. Patients being transported by helicopter are at no significant risk of hypoxemia secondary to decreased ambient pressure. Acceleration of the aircraft is other factor that can stress the patient. Helicopter acceleration force is not that much different than that of ground transport.Acceleration is more significant in fixed-wing aircraft. Noise is a major issue when it comes to helicopter transport. The noise inside the helicopter causes problems for the medical staff. The noise may hinder the medical staff from hearing lung sounds. The staff mustiness use headphones and an intercom system to communicate. Vibration of the aircraft is another problem for the patient and staff. The vibrations can cau se fatigue and discomfort to the patient. Vibration can also cause monitoring errors and equipment malfunction. Air medical transport has a few cons but when life is on the line these issues seem minor.Each helicopter has its own transport team. The transport team may consist of a pilot, registered blow or paramedic, and can include EMTs and EMT-Is. Some public life crews include a physician. Physicians on fight crews have posed a lot of literary argument as to whether a physician as a crew member improves the outcome of the patient. Each crew member must undergo many learning courses as well as hands on training before being employed by HEMS. Safety is the most important aspect to HEMS. Emergency medical helicopters have an alarming history of crashes.The National Transportation Safety Board conducted a occupy to determine the major causes of helicopter crashes. Important areas of feather risk are the pilots, the mechanics of the aircraft, crew training, maintenance, weather conditions, time of day, and landing sites. The study showed that poor weather conditions posed the greatest risk for helicopter crashes. Since, the study many improvements have been made to improve the crash rate. It has been said that the sole decision is set on the pilot as to whether it is safe enough to take the flight or not.The pilot must consider the weather conditions, aircraft maintainence, and crew readiness. Medical personnel cannot make the decision to take the call. Medical personnel should not tell the pilot the nature of the call, because this may deter the pilots judgment. Currently the Federal Aviation Administration is looking to make changes in the safety procedures of HEMS. Air medical transport is generally used in for two reasons, rescue and inter-hospital transfer. Helicopter transport is very expensive and is potentially dangerous.Rescue helicopters are dispatched by emergency personnel at the scene. The helicopter reports to the scene of the accident or il lness. When should a EMS helicopter be dispatched? EMS helicopter should only be called out when speed, accessibility, specialized equipment and personnel are all needed to save life or limb. Inter-hospital air medical transport is generally used to transfer critically ill patients to another hospital that suites the needs of the patient. There are two types of landing sites for EMS helicopters. One type is the controlled site. The controlled site located at hospitals.These landing sites are constructed to safely accomindate the aircraft. The second type of landing site is the uncontrolled landing site. The uncontrolled landing site is landing at the scene of an accident. The landing site is selected by the ground EMS. The pilot looks at the site and determines if it is safe to land or not. scope EMS are trained on how to chose, and mark a landing site. Ground EMS personnel are also trained on how to behave around the aircraft. When a patient is going to be transported by air the g round EMS must prepare the patient for transport.The EMS ground crew should have the patient stabilized as much as possible before transport. Another way ground EMS can prepare the patient is to intubate a patient that has a high potential for loss of airway. Good communication is the biggest factor in a successful transport. Ground EMS typically has radio communication with the helicopter. The communication between the two should be maintained until after the helicopter takes off. Maintaining good communication allows the flight crew to inform ground EMS of any major, unexpected patient complications or malfunctions of the aircraft.EMS helicopters must have well trained, diverse flight crews. These crew members must be able to perform their duties on the scene of an accident and while in flight. The crew members are trained to handle many different types of patients such as drowning, burns, spinal cord injuries, heart attacks, pediatric and neonatal patients. The flight keep is re sponsible for the patient assessment, and interventions before loading the patient on the aircraft. The flight nurse must know how to use all the equipment and know all the safety guidelines pertaining to the aircraft.There are many different requirements to becoming a flight paramedic. A person who wants to become a flight paramedic must be able to work in chaotic situations. Becoming a flight paramedic involves a lot of hard work and dedication. The person who wants to become a paramedic must have at least one year EMT experience and many different certifications such as CPR, Basic Life Support (BLS), Basic Pediatric Life Support (BPLS), Basic Trauma Life Support (BTLS), modern Natal Life Support (NALS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS).In order to become a flight paramedic this person would have to have at least 5 years critical care experience in a high mess progressive EMS system. Becoming a flight paramedic is no easy task.Refe rences Formm, Jr. Robert E. Air medical transport. Journal of Family Practice. March 1993. http//www. findarticals. com/p/articles. hypertext markup language . 1 Oct. 2010. Kreisher, Otto. The Rise of the Helicopter During the Korean War. Aviation History Magazine. History. net Jan 2007. http//www. historynet. com/the-rise-of-the -helicopter-during-the-korean-war. htm. 1 Oct. 010 Federal Aviation Administration. Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Safety. 8 June 2010. http//www. faa. gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story. cfm? newsID+6763. 1 Oct. 2010. Lenworth M. Jacobs, MD, MPH, FACS, and Bennet, Barbra, RN, MPH. The Critical Care Helicopter System in Trauma. Hartford Conneticut.. http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC/articles. 1 Oct. 2010 Gentile. Rosanne. How to Become a Flight Paramedic needful Qualifications and Education. Associated Content. 18 August 2008. http//associatedcontent. com. 1 Oct. 2010

Foundation and Empire 24. Convert

The thin life of Trantor trickled to nothing when they entered among the wide-spaced buildings of the University grounds. There was a solemn and lonely silence over it.The strangers of the mental hospital knew nothing of the swirling days and nights of the bloody Sack that had left the University untouched. They knew nothing of the time after the collapse of the Imperial power, when the students, with their borrowed weapons, and their pale-faced inexperienced bravery, formed a protective extend army to protect the central shrine of the science of the Galaxy. They knew nothing of the Seven Days Fight, and the armistice that kept the University free, when even the Imperial palace clanged with the boots of Gilmer and his soldiers, during the short time interval of their rule.Those of the Foundation, approaching for the first time, realized only that in a world of transition from a gutted old to a strenuous new this bea was a quiet, graceful museum-piece of ancient bullyness.They we re intruders in a sense. The brooding emptiness rejected them. The academic atmosphere satisfymed still to live and to stir angrily at the disturbance.The subroutine library was a deceptively small building which broadened out vastly underground into a mammoth volume of silence and reverie. Ebling Mis paused before the elaborate murals of the reception room.He whispered one had to whisper here I think we passed the catalog rooms back a way. Ill pulley block there.His forehead was flushed, his hand trembling, I mustnt be disturbed, Toran. Will you bring my meals d let to me?Anything you say. Well do all we can to help. Do you want us to work under you-No. I must be merely-You think you will get what you want.And Ebling Mis replied with a soft certainty, I k this instant I willToran and Bayta came closer to setting up housekeeping in popular fashion than at any time in their year of married life. It was a strange sort of housekeeping. They lived in the middle of grandeur with an inappropriate simplicity. Their intellectual nourishment was drawn largely from Lee Senters farm and was paid for in the little nuclear gadgets that may be found on any Traders ship.Magnifico taught himself how to use the projectors in the library reading room, and sat over adventure novels and ro mankindces to the point where he was almost as forgetful of meals and sleep as was Ebling Mis.Ebling himself was completely buried. He had insisted on a hammock being slung up for him in the Psychology Reference Room. His face grew thin and white. His vigor of speech was lost and his favorite curses had died a whacky death. There were times when the recognition of either Toran or Bayta seemed a struggle.He was more himself with Magnifico who brought him his meals and often sat watching him for hours at a time, with a queer, spell-bound absorption, as the aging psychologist transcribed end little equations, cross-referred to endless book-films, scurried endlessly about in a wild mental effort towards an end he alone saw.Toran came upon her in the darkened room, and express sharply, BaytaBayta started guiltily. Yes? You want me, Torie?Sure I want you. What in Space are you sitting there for? Youve been acting all terms since we got to Trantor. Whats the matter with you?Oh, Torie, stop, she utter, wearily.And Oh, Torie, stop he mimicked impatiently. Then, with sudden softness, Wont you tell me whats wrong, Bay? Somethings b oppositeing you.No Nothing is, Torie. If you keep on just nagging and nagging, youll have me mad. Im just thinking. opinion about what?About nothing. Well, about the Mule, and harbor, and the Foundation, and everything. About Ebling Mis and whether hell find anything about the minute Foundation, and whether it will help us when he does find it and a million other things. Are you satisfied? Her component was agitated.If youre just brooding, do you mind stopping? It isnt pleasant and it doesnt help the situation.Bayta got to her feet and sm iled weakly. All right. Im happy. See, Im smiling and jolly. Magnificos voice was an agitated cry outside. My lady-What is it? Come-Baytas voice choked off sharply when the opening door framed the large, hard-faced-Pritcher, cried Toran.Bayta gasped, Captain How did you find us?Han Pritcher stepped inside. His voice was clear and level, and utterly dead of feeling, My rank is colonel now under the Mule.Under the Mule Torans voice trailed off. They formed a tableau there, the three.Magnifico stared wildly and shrank behind Toran. Nobody stopped to notice him.Bayta said, her hands trembling in each others tight grasp, You are arresting us? You have really gone over to them?The colonel replied quickly, I have not come to arrest you. My book of instructions make no mention of you. With regard to you, I am free, and I choose to exercise our old friendship, if you will let me.Torans face was a writhe suppression of fury, How did you find us? You were in the Filian ship, then? You follo wed us?The wooden wishing of expression on Pritchers face might have flickered in embarrassment. I was on the Filian ship I met you in the first place well by chance.It is a chance that is mathematically impossible.No. Simply rather improbable, so my statement will have to stand. In any case, you admitted to the. Filians there is, of course, no such nation as Filia actually that you were heading for the Trantor sector, and since the Mule already had his contacts upon Neotrantor, it was docile to have you detained there. Unfortunately, you got away before I arrived, only if not long before. I had time to have the farms on Trantor ordered to report your arrival. It was done and I am here. May I sit down? I come in friendliness, believe me. He sat. Toran bent his head and thought futilely. With a numbed lack of emotion, Bayta prepared tea.Toran looked up harshly. Well, what are you waiting for colonel? Whats your friendship? If its not arrest, what is it then? Protective custody? Call in your men and give your orders.Patiently, Pritcher shook his head. No, Toran. I come of my own will to speak to you, to persuade you of the uselessness of what you are doing. If I fail I shall leave. That is all.That is all? Well, then peddle your propaganda, give us your speech, and leave. I dont want any tea, Bayta.Pritcher accepted a cup, with a grave word of thanks. He looked at Toran with a clear strength as he sipped lightly. Then he said, The Mule is a mutant. He can not be beaten in the very nature of the mutation-Why? What is the mutation? asked Toran, with influence humor. I suppose youll tell us now, eh?Yes, I will. Your knowledge wont hurt him. You see he is capable of adjusting the emotional balance of human beings. It sounds like a little trick, but its quite unbeatable.Bayta broke in, The emotional balance? She frowned, Wont you explain that? I dont quite understand.I mean that it is an easy matter for him to instill into a capable general, say, the emotion of utter loyalty to the Mule and complete belief in the Mules victory. His generals are emotionally controlled. They can not betray him they can not weaken and the control is permanent. His most capable enemies become his most faithful subordinates, The warlord of Kalgan surrenders his planet and becomes his viceroy for the Foundation.And you, added Bayta, bitterly, betray your cause and become Mules envoy to Trantor. I seeI havent finished. The Mules gift works in reverse even more effectively. Despair is an emotion At the crucial moment, keymen on the Foundation keymen on haven despaired. Their worlds fell without too much struggle.Do you mean to say, demanded Bayta, tensely, that the feeling I had in the Time Vault was the Mule juggling my emotional control.Mine, too. Everyones. How was it on Haven towards the end?Bayta turned away.Colonel Pritcher continued earnestly, As it works for worlds, so it works for individuals. Can you fight a pull which can make you surrender will ingly when it so desires can make you a faithful servant when it so desires?Toran said slowly, How do I know this is the truth?Can you explain the smooth of the Foundation and of Haven otherwise? Can you explain my conversion otherwise? Think, man What have you or I or the whole Galaxy concluded against the Mule in all this time? What one little thing?Toran felt the challenge, By the Galaxy, I can With a sudden touch of fiery satisfaction, he shouted, Your wonderful Mule had contacts with Neotrantor you say that were to have detained us, eh? Those contacts are dead or worse. We killed the crown prince and left the other a whimpering idiot. The Mule did not stop us there, and that much has been undone.Why, no, not at all. Those werent our men. The crown prince was a wine-soaked mediocrity. The other man, Commason, is phenomenally stupid. He was a power on his world but that didnt forestall him from being vicious, evil, and completely incompetent. We had nothing really to do wit h them. They were, in a sense, merely feints-It was they who detained us, or tried.Again, no. Commason had a personal slave a man called Inchney. Detention was his policy. He is old, but will serve our temporary purpose. You would not have killed him, you see.Bayta whirled on him. She had not touched her own tea. But, by your very statement, your own emotions have been tampered with. Youve got faith and belief in the Mule, an unnatural, a diseased faith in the Mule. Of what value are your opinions? Youve lost all power of objective thought.You are wrong. Slowly, the colonel shook his head. Only my emotions are fixed. My reason is as it always was. It may be influenced in a certain direction by my conditioned emotions, but it is not forced. And there are some things I can see more clearly now that I am freed of my earlier emotional trend.I can see that the Mules program is an intelligent and worthy one. In the time since I have been converted, I have followed his career from its st art seven eld ago. With his mutant mental power, he began by winning over a condottiere and his band. With that and his power he won a planet. With that and his power he extended his handbag until he could tackle the warlord of Kalgan. Each step followed the other logically. With Kalgan in his pocket, he had a first-class fleet, and with that and his power he could attack the Foundation.The Foundation is the key. It is the greatest champaign of industrial concentration in the Galaxy, and now that the nuclear techniques of the Foundation are in his hands, he is the actual master of the Galaxy. With those techniques and his power he can force the remnants of the Empire to acknowledge his rule, and eventually with the death of the old emperor, who is mad and not long for this world to crown him emperor. He will then have the surname as well as the fact. With that and his power where is the world in the Galaxy that can oppose him?In these last seven years, he has establi shed a new Empire. In seven years, in other words, he will have accomplished what all Seldons psychohistory could not have done in less than an additional seven hundred. The Galaxy will have peace and order at last.And you could not stop it any more than you could stop a planets tidy sum with your shoulders.A long silence followed Pritchers speech. What remained of his tea had grown cold. He emptied his cup, filled it again, and drained it slowly. Toran bit viciously at a thumbnail. Baytas face was cold, and distant, and white.Then Bayta said in a thin voice, We are not convinced. If the Mule wishes us to be, let him come here and condition us himself. You fought him until the last moment of your conversion, I imagine, didnt you?I did, said Colonel Pritcher, solemnly.Then allow us the same privilege.Colonel Pritcher arose. With a crisp air of finality, he said, Then I leave. As I said earlier, my mission at present concerns you in no way. Therefore, I dont think it will be necessa ry to report your presence here. That is not too great a kindness. If the Mule wishes you stopped, he no doubt has other men assigned to the job, and you will be stopped. But, for what it is worth, I shall not contribute more than my requirement. give thanks you, said Bayta faintly.As for Magnifico. Where is he? Come out, Magnifico, I wont hurt you-What about him? demanded Bayta, with sudden animation.Nothing. My instructions make no mention of him, either. I have comprehend that he is searched for, but the Mule will find him when the time suits him. I shall say nothing. Will you shake hands?Bayta shook her head. Toran glared his frustrated contempt.There was the slightest weighed down of the colonels iron shoulders. He strode to the door, turned and saidOne last thing. Dont think I am not aware of the source of your stubbornness. It is known that you search for the Second Foundation. The Mule, in his time, will take his measures. Nothing will help you But I knew you in other tim es perhaps there is something in my moral sense that urged me to this at any rate, I tried to help you and remove you from the final danger before it was too late. Good-by.He saluted sharply and was gone.Bayta turned to a unplumbed Toran, and whispered, They even know about the Second Foundation.In the recesses of the library, Ebling Mis, unaware of all, crouched under the one spark of light amid the murky spaces and mumbled triumphantly to himself.

The Merger of Ranbaxy and Daiichi

A REPORT ON Ranbaxy-Daiichi get it on 1/26/2012 Ranbaxy-Daiichi Deal Introduction Daiichi Sankyo bought Ranbaxy for $4. 6 cardinal in June 2008. This report studies the implications of the merger betwixt Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo, from an intellectual property as well as a market point of view. There ar many critical events happening in international pharma market including the growing preference for generics, change magnitude dominance of emerging markets such as India, fast approaching patent expiry etc. Also, this pickle involves 2 major players who are the largest among their respective markets.Background Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. acquired 34. 8% of Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. from its promoters and increased its stake through invidious allotment, public offer and preferential issue of warrants to acquire a majority in Ranbaxy, i. e. at to the lowest degree 50. 1%. After the attainment, Ranbaxy operates as Daiichi Sankyos subsidiary but supposed to manage independently dow n the stairs the leadership of its current CEO & Managing Director Malvinder Singh. Mr. Singh left the company in 2009 with a 4. 5 billion rupees severance package. WhyDaiichi Sankyo wanted to acquire a do drugs maker that specialized in generics after(prenominal) Japan eased its laws allowing sales of these cheaper readings of expensive drugs. The deal was a trendsetter in Indian market for future day M&A deals. Indias family-owned companies realized that it was not shameful to sell and profit from their crinklees. Benefits Expected Operational The master(prenominal) benefit for Daiichi Sankyo from the merger was Ranbaxys low-cost manufacturing infrastructure and supply chain strengths. Ranbaxy gained access to Daiichi Sankyos look and development expertise to advance its brand drugs business.Expansion Daiichi Sankyos strength in proprietary medicine complements Ranbaxys leadership in the generics segment and both companies acquire a broader product base, therapeutic instru ction areas and well distributed risks. Ranbaxy gains smoother access to and a strong foothold in the Japanese drug market. fiscal The immediate benefit for Ranbaxy was that the deal freed up its debt. Also, Ranbaxys addition elevated Daiichi Sankyos position from 22 to 15 by market capitalization in the global pharmaceutical market. Synergies . A complementary business combination that provides sustainable growth by diversification that spans the full spectrum of the pharmaceutica l business. 2. An expanded global bowl over that enables leading market positions in both mature and emerging markets with proprietary and non-proprietary products. 3. Strong growth dominance by effectively managing opportunities across the full pharmaceutical life-cycle. 4. Cost competitiveness by optimizing usage of R and manufacturing facilities of both companies, especially in India. 5.Respective presence of Daiichi Sankyo and Ranbaxy in the developed and emerging markets 6. Ranbaxys strengths in t he 21 emerging generic drug markets allow Daiichi Sankyo to tap the potential of the generics business. 7. Ranbaxys branded drug development initiatives for the developed markets significantly boosted through this relationship. 8. Daiichi Sankyo able to reduce its reliance on only branded drugs and margin risks in mature markets and benefit from Ranbaxys strengths in generics to introduce generic versions of patent expire drugs, particularly in the Japanese market. Post-acquisition objectives Daiichi Sankyos focus was to develop new drugs to fill the gaps and take prefer of Ranbaxys strong areas ? To overcome its current challenges in cost structure and supply chain ? To undercoat a management framework that would expedite synergies ? To reduce its exposure to branded drugs in a focusing that it can cover the impact of margin pressures on the business, especially in Japan ? In a global pharmaceutical industry making a shift towards generics and emerging market opportunities, Dai ichi Sankyos acquisition of Ranbaxy signalled a move on the lines of its global counterparts Novartis and local competitors Astellas Pharma.Post acquisition challenges Post acquisition challenges include managing the different working and business cultures of the two organizations, undertaking minimal and essential integration and retaining the management liberty of Ranbaxy without hampering synergies. Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo also needed to consolidate their intellectual capital and acquire an edge over their foreign counterparts. What went molest? A lack of proper due diligence In its eagerness to tap the expertise of a generic drug maker, Daiichi took the risk of buying Ranbaxy for top dollar.Three weeks later, the US Food and Drug governing banned imports of 30 of Ranbaxys generic drugs, and later determined that the company was selling adulterated or illegal medicine. It blacklisted two of the companys manufacturing units, limiting the companys ability to sell drugs made in those facilities. Ranbaxy then reported currency-exchange losses of club billion rupees in 2008. This made Ranbaxy post losses in the same year. Ranbaxy Laboratories coin Flow - in Rs. Cr. Dec 10 Dec 09 Dec 08 Dec 07 Dec 06 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mthsNet Profit Before Tax Net Cash From Operating Activities Net Cash (used in)/from investment Activities Net Cash (used in)/from Financing Activities Net (decrease)/increase In Cash and Cash Equivalents Opening Cash & Cash Equivalents Closing Cash & Cash Equivalents 1565. 25 1168. 89 -2067. 8 991. 48 92. 57 69. 26 161. 83 1061. 92 -1619. 08 -665. 43 -599. 22 86. 12 -462. 91 -214. 14 2817. 2 -793. 46 1755. 07 862. 39 172. 14 68. 93 1927. 21 774. 41 442. 98 685. 77 315. 49 -708. 18 -2103. 74 132. 19 1739. 65 109. 78 -48. 6 62. 36 110. 96 172. 14 62. 36What worked? Mr. Singh timed the sale of his family silverish perfectly he got a huge premium for the stake before U. S. regulatory concerns came to light. Daiichi, after t he initial stumbles, seems to now be heading in the right direction and in the past year has merged Ranbaxys R&D unit in an effort to gain synergies. Daiichi also launched a generic version of Pfizer Inc. s cholesterol drug, Lipitor in US recently. The verdict Fail This is a classic slip of an acquirer fixing top price without looking too closely at the quality of the goods.Daiichi continues to pay for the huge risk it took in the deal. U. S. regulatory problems have slowed down the integration of Daiichi and Ranbaxy a lot more than than expected. We can see that Daiichi is having similar level of operating expenses and yet to achieve anything special from Ranbaxy. US FDA tell that, Ranbaxy had numerous problems at its facilities in US and India. The US DOJ has also filed the consent decree against Ranbaxy in the US district court of Maryland on 26th January 2012, which would further put pressure on the margins. Daiichi is yet to realize anything concrete from this deal.

Hate Crimes: Matthew Shepard Essay

Wyoming, October 7th 1998. Aaron Kriefels is cycling in a inappropriate rural area when he carry outs what at first he opines to be a scarecrow fasten to a fence. He looks closer and sees not a scarecrow, but a young man disadvantageously beaten and close to death. The victims name was Matthew Shepard. On Dec. 1st 1976, Matthew Shepard was born in Casper, Wyoming. He attend primary school in the states, but later on his first year in last school his family move to Saudi Arabia. He then attended the American School in Switzerland where he was elected as a peer mediator.His friends and peers felt comfortable talking to him and he was person you came to when you needed advice. He was draw by his father as an optimistic and accepting young man who had a special lay out of relating to almost everyone. He was the type of person who was very approachable and always looked to new challenges. Matthew had a bully passion for equality and always stood up for the acceptance of pil es differences. 1 In February 1995, during a high school trip to Morocco, Matthew was beaten, robbed, and raped, causing him to withdraw from school.According to his mother, from then on he was prone to experiencing dread attacks and depression. Although this time in his life-time was extremely difficult, Shepard still graduated in May then attended Catawba College in North Carolina and Casper College in Wyoming, before settling in Denver. Shepard became a first-year political skill major at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, and was chosen as the student representative for the Wyoming Environ manpowertal Council. Shortly after midnight, on October 7th, 1998 Shepard met two men (Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson) at the Fireside Lounge.He was offered a ride home, but curtly after leaving they robbed, pistol-whipped and tortured him, tying him to a fence leaving him to die. Matthew was left in the freezing cold suffering from his injuries before slipping into a coma. In to tal, it took 18 hours before he was base and rushed to the hospital. Upon arrival it became apparent that his injuries were too severe and the doctors couldnt operate. On October 12th, Matthew Shepard died of his injuries, never having woken up from his coma.During the tryout, McKinney tried to justify his fills by originally pleading that he and Henderson were driven to temporary insanity by alleged(a) sexual advances by Shepard. I believe this is one of the key circumstanceors in understanding why mickle do what they do when it comes to homoly based hate crimes. When men check out or hit on women they believe it is there right. The right to gaze upon a womans body is something they genuinely believe is a mans right. There is no female equivalent to a mans gaze.It is something that is seen as powerful and socially intimidating, and when the two men in the bar noticed Shepard looking at them it made them believe they were universe hit on as if they were women. Both Aaron McKi nney and Russell Henderson felt they needed to defy not nevertheless their masculinity but their heterosexuality. This is very important because, later on in the trial when McKinney states that while in the car Matthew made an apparent sexual advance toward him, instead of backing by McKinney begins hitting Shepard. later on feeling like he had been emasculated back at the bar, I predict he was just looking for an excuse to exert power over Matt. Whether he had in fact made sexual advances toward Aaron isnt the point, the point is that McKinney chose to defend his heterosexuality by literally beating the life out of him and showing him that he had the power. Both McKinney and Henderson were of slight build, but with Matthew being even smaller and only reaching 51 it only solidified in the minds of the two men their power of the homosexual man.What happens next is what changed this from a triggered Gay Panic Defense (which is, in my opinion a completely false and ridiculous excu se for those who cant control their fists) to a hate crime and a murder. After severely beating Shepard in the moving truck, Henderson tied him to the fence. Their decision to tie his body up for everyone to see is part of their intensions to make it a public display of what they believe should be private. In an interview for the Laramie fuddle (a play based on the events of Matthews death), McKinneys girlfriend tells writers about why the two men really decided to invite Matt into their car.After being disgusted at the thought of being hit on by a gay man they go to the bathway where they plan to ramble on a gay pretense in order to lead Shepard into their vehicle and rob him. They treasured him to be punished for coming onto straight stack. By lifting his body in midair and tethering him to the fence they were sensitive that someone would find him that way. They didnt hide or trash or burry the body, they made it a spectacle. that in doing this, you can deduce that this mur der wasnt fully about Matthew Shepard.He was a trigger, he was someone they could take advantage of. They used his body to show not only to Matthew himself, but to Laramie and the ring community that they were defending their manhood. And in one of the most brutal ways you can imagine. Hate crimes towards people who are a different sexual orientation then others are more common than people think. There are a lot of organizations that try to help stop these hate crimes but I think that these situations should be in the news more often.People need to be more aware about what they swan and what they do because you never know who could be listening. It could be your children who exit take what you say as the truth. It could be someone walking near you or even in the same room and be deeply offended by what you say. You never know who you could offend, be it a friend, a fellow worker or even a family member. People need to watch what they say because you never know who will be listen ing. Hate crimes must be stopped and it will take people to take action against it in order to make the world a better place.

Hate Crimes Essay

The subject of scorn detestations has to the highest floor had an affect on the way in which people socialize with each other on a regular founding. The canonical definition of a hate evil is just about any correspond of violent behavior or vocal laceration of a human being simply on the basis of his or her race, spiritual belief, or his or her familiarity. A vast number of other bases that have an yield on hate crime have been introduced which argon dependants upon guiding principle in written laws.The caper of abhorrence has absolutely overwhelmed every single one of us with queries and wished-for responses on how and why a number of of these blasphemous acts have interpreted place in front of the correct world. It is usu completelyy believed by people that the hate is not endorsed but erudite by means of the background of a soulfulness in particular environments. Several other factors argon believed to be stirring this emotion as well. These are inclusive of the placem ent of a person in society, devout practices, and antagonism in the business ways. compendiumViolent behavior aggravated by a partiality in opposition to victims distinctiveness which are inclusive of race, faith, cultural background, nationalized basis, sexual category, or sexual orientation, are problems that have posed an issue to the entire community. The Federal law has defined a hate crime as at whatever metre a fatality is assaulted on the foundation of his or her race, civilization, religious conviction, sexual orientation, or sexual characteristics hate wrongdoings are made in opposition to constituents of a meticulous group basically due to their fellowship to that group.Statistics show to us that at a time when in one year about nightclub thousand one hundred hate crimes took place, a review of the data by incident showed that all but 4 of the incidents were classified as single-bias (involving only one bias motivation). A breakdown of the single-bias incidents by the type of bias revealed that 51. 4 percent were motivated by racial bigotry, 17. 9 percent were caused by religious intolerance, 16. 6 percent were the result of a sexual-orientation bias, and 13. 7 percent were triggered by an ethnicity/national derivation bias.The remainder involved a bias against a disability. (FBI Releases, 2004). There is no guarantee that hate crimes brush aside ever be stopped. But there are certain steps that can be taken so as to stop such heinous crimes from taking place. First of all, the Federal Laws need to be adjusted as they do not take in sexual orientation as a hate crime. What else is that The Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) should be made tougher with stronger punishments so that people would be terrified of the law (Hate Crimes, 2006).Another very important aspect is that every single hate crime mustiness be reported to the higher authorities as if the sufferer does not speak up when the crime has taken place, the offender just might be able to strike back at him or her or perhaps someone who belongs to the sufferers base of being attacked. Criminal justice administrators and state policy makers should jazz to become conscious that it is necessary to create or regulate hate crime legislation. This is an issue that has undergone untold debate since a long time. The answer to resolving the ever-growing predicament of hate crimes is additional hate crime legislation.ConclusionThe word Hate Crime is perhaps a rather expansive term that holds the basic meaning that hate crime is any offense where the executors narrow-mindedness in opposition to an individual show of people is a feature in having an influence upon who would be the victim. These can be inclusive of race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation etc. the profile of a hate crime offender can vary at all times as they usually appear to be innocent people. The rules against hate crimes need to be stricter so as to help decrease the crime.

Two Kinds of Response to the Challenges of the XX Century: Freud’s Pessimism versus Camus’ Optimism

Early 20th century was a season when European purification found itself in a deep crisis. That was a good old introduction of progress and orderliness in the late 19th century crashed down in the flame of the premier World War. European thinkers had to face a dramatic question whether Europe is still existing and whether its ideals of humanitarianism and enlightenment atomic number 18 still sought- later, or its previous aspiration to the perfect world were in deceitful? Naturally this question was being answered both in pessimistic and rosy light.In this paper I will attempt to analyze these two concepts, using Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents as an example of pessimism and Camus nuisance as example of optimism. At that I am going to argue that both pessimistic and optimistic approach attempted to discover latent essential aspects of human temperament. The difference was unless in the lieu towards these aspects. Freuds work can be distinctively separated into two great periods before and after the WWI. In the first period he explored the optimistic desire of life, pleasure and reproduction that he called Eros.In the second period he became avocationed in the desire of death and killing that he called Thanatos. about basically, he attempted to explain what does mankind exist for, and in the Civilization and Its Discontents he finally melancholically notice that The question of the purpose of human life has been raised countless times it has never received a satisfactory answer and perhaps does not admit of one. (Freud 51). In contrast to Freuds runaround, Camus does answer the question, or, stop to say, offers two answers.The first one is devoted by the people before the Plague Their chief interest is in commerce, and their chief aim in life is, as they call it, doing business. (Camus 2). The second one is given after the Plague has come if there is one thing one can always pine away for and sometimes attain, it is human hit the sac k. (Camus 298). In Camus novel the Plague does not certainly mean war, this is rather a disaster that makes people unite in their new understanding of life values.But what makes people alternate in the disaster and what are the motivations that cause them to change? Freud sees a dramatic conflict between civilization and human nature. In order to become civilized and make use of the benefits of civilization people stupefy to oppress their own nature and civilization, therefore, obtains mastery over the individuals dangerous desire for aggression by alter and disarming it and by setting up an agency within him to watch over it, like a garrison in a conquered city. (Freud 119).Yet those hidden inclinations never disappear and explode like an overheat steam boiler as soon as civilization control weakens in such situations as war or distress. Then people are no longer driven by rules, only by instincts, including desire to deaden and die, that tragically prevails over desire to li ve and give life. Camus agrees with Freud and also pays groovy attention to relations between civilized human individual and the world of indispensable instincts. He notes that whats natural is the microbe.All the rest-heath, integrity, purity (if you like)-is a product of the human will, of a vigilance that must never waffle. (Camus 253). Yet the book does not include much descriptions of any behavior that Freud would call natural. in that location are few scenes of cruelty, bit most of the men stay men like guards at the provide who are not interested in the disgust at all and can easily be bribed to let a man leave the affected city. Life continues even in the times of plague and instinctive behavior is not demonstrated as soon as may be, but only in the most stressing situations.A habit to be civilized still prevails in the Plague. Freud is unable to materialise a way out of this conflict and his late confessions like readiness for a universal love of mankind and the worl d represents the highest standpoint which man can reach (Freud 91) sound futile and unrelated to the subject matter. In contrast to this, his conclusion that One feels inclined to say that the intention that man should be happy is not included in the plan of Creation. (Freud 53) seems to tally up the entire Freuds work.The more people play to become good and orderly, the worse shall be the following explosion of the steam boiler. Human nature is unchangeable and wild for Freud. Camus idea of the role of instinctive side of human nature is different. Men are good after all, and even their instincts can be enjoyable. One of the last scenes of the novel occurs on the seashore. The precedent and a friend of him go swimming symbolically both cleaning themselves from plague and returning to natural roots of their personality. Unknown and uncontrolled dies not surely mean bad for Camus. A disaster does notify the hidden, it strips individual personalities to reveal their most suppress ed inclinations, but who said that those inclinations are always bad? What we let on in time of pestilence that there are more things to admire in men than to freeze off (Camus 306) concludes Camus. Such optimism without hope did give hope to the ruined Europe.