Middle School Book Report Format

Middle School Book Report Format Thesis idea: This book is unique – Do not use the word â€Å"unique† anywhere in the report. Use your thesaurus to find a better word! Paragraph Order: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Setting Characters Plot Plot Resolution Conclusion Paragraph Description: I. The introduction contains the thesis idea. II. The setting describes the time period and location. III. The section on characters mentions minor groups of characters but names and describes the major ones. IV. The plot explains what the major character attempts to do: o discover to overcome to adapt to become to mature to solve to learn to conquer to find V. The plot resolution – How are the final problems solved? How does everything work out? What is the final attitude of the main character(s)? VI. The conclusion – an evaluation of the book as a literary work. What was the author’s purpose? Does the book teach a lesson or a moral? Are the characters role models ? Why is it recommended? Introduction: Sentence Order Example 1. Arouse the reader’s interest with an attention grabbing question.How would you feel if a tornado suddenly lifted you away to a new land? 2. Name the character(s) in such a situation. Name the book title and author. Such an adventure happened to Dorothy in the book, The Wizard of Oz, by Frank Baum. 3. Present the thesis sentence: why the book is unique: Although there have been similar books, this book is unique because who? does what? and where? Although there have been other children’s adventure stories, this one is unique because Dorothy helps the Tin Man, Scarecrow, and Lion find the qualities they seek while raveling with her in the land of Oz. Topic Sentence Suggestions: Setting One reason this book is appealing is setting. Characters Another reason this book is different is its characters OR is that its characters are all†¦. (brief description). Plot In addition to the setting and characters, t he plot adds (or the problems add) to the distinctiveness of the book. Plot Resolution The way in which the problem(s) is solved is totally unexpected. Conclusion For these reasons, this book is appealing OR therefore, for these reasons, this book is recommended.

After a Careful Examination of the Arch Communication Inc.

After a careful examination of the Arch Communications Inc. case and the valuation done by the Analyst, we believe that there are following issues with valuation which should be examined very closely – 1) Technicality Error in the preparation of the Free Cash Flow: In the FCF prepared by John Adams: Tax and Change in Net Working Capital items cannot be observed. We may assume that, this was done on purpose since both of these values were accepted as â€Å"0† throughout the forecast period. In the absence of knowledge about the details for tax implications in US and the effect of the expected Westlink Holdings acquisition on existing tax base, we accepted the tax assumption made by John Adams as correct. In normal conditions we need to investigate thoroughly the tax issue and the permitted number of years that loss can be carried forward in US. * We think that accepting the â€Å"Change in Net Working Capital† as â€Å"0† throughout the forecast period is a strong assumption.The negative Net Working Capital (for 2005 Current Assets-Current Liabilities = 33,671-49,172 = 15,501 ) structure may change within forecasted period against to company due to increasing competition. But we still continue with the â€Å"0† ? Net Working Capital assumption of John Adams. 2) WACC Estimate: John Adams used the following parameters/assumptions in his WACC calculations: Rf: 7% Market Risk Premium (â€Å"MRM†): 7% Beta Arch: 1. 6 Borrowing Rate: 11% Eqity/Debt Ratio: 40% / 60% And based on these: Re= Rf+ ? Arch x MRP = 7% + 1. 6 x 7% = 18. 2 % WACC = 0. x Re + 0. 6 x Rd and accepted tax shield from cost of debt as â€Å"0† due to the â€Å"0† tax cost of the company during the forecasted period. WACC = 0. 4 x 18. 2% + 0. 6 x 11. 0% = 13. 88% =>13. 9% * In the absence of details about the ? Arch calculation of John Adams we accepted this assumption as accurate. [ Dear All: Please feel free to comment on Beta and cost of debt assumptions, also on 0 tax assumption in WACC calculation] 3) Terminal Value Calculation: John Adams calculated Terminal Value of the company at year 2005 as $3,568m with 10x EBITDA multiple. Although 10xEBITDA multiple seems close to the existing average EV/EBITDA multiple (the average is 10. 6 for the above 6 companies), this multiple reflects the existing company growth/market expectations. A multiple of 10-12 multiple can used for corporations with high growth expectations but it is unusual and flawed to accept the same multiple for Arch Communication even after 10-years. Normally for mature companies using EV/EBITDA multiple in the range of 6-7 times can be more acceptable. * When $854. m PV of Terminal Value is double checked with the calculation method by Perpetual Growth Rate at the 10th Year Free Cash Flow: 3,568=277. 3(13. 9%-g) => g=6. 118%. Assumption of 6. 12% perpetual growth is both unusual and irrational. * It seems that the discounting formula used for calculating t he PV of Terminal Value seems false. It is discounting 1 more year than the actual 9 years. Hence for discounting the PV of Terminal Value at the Year 2005, it is needed to use the discount rate of 0. 3099. * When a usual market practice was used for the growth in perpetuity (for the calculation of TV) i. . 2. 0% => TV=277. 3(13. 9%-2. 0%) x (0. 3099) =>$722m. instead of $854. 1m. 4) Cash Flow Assumptions: When we check the reliability of the assumptions and the cash flows we observe that: * EBITDA margin is increasing from 36. 2% to 46. 9%. We believe that 46. 9% at a maturing market seems very aggressive. * The book value of Fixed Assets (PP&E and Intangible Assets) decreases to $ 52. 2 m. levels at $ 760. 7 m sales figure. We believe that this seems some problematic for us. a. Whether EV/EBITDA is the right method for calculating the terminal value of Arch Communications Inc.? . If at all EV/EBITDA is the right multiple, is it justified to use a multiple of 10x for valuing the te rminal value when it is assumed that the business has achieved a stable perpetual growth rate? c. Is it valid to use FCF and EBITDA simultaneously in calculating the full enterprise value? The valuation at hand calculates the terminal value using EBITDA multiple and value generated over next ten years using FCF d. Even if the business is not generating any profit at all currently, is it valid to assume no taxes even for the rest of the forecasting period? . Is it efficacious to use a WACC of 13. 9%? Problem: Whether EV/EBITDA is the right method for calculating the terminal value of Arch Communications Inc.? Argument: Since the company is highly leveraged, it may be more prudent to value equity just by using Flow to Equity or levered cash flows. The unlevered cash flows and EBITDA may not †¦(CHOON TO ADD) Problem: If at all EV/EBITDA is the right multiple, is it justified to use a multiple of 10x for valuing the terminal value when it is assumed that the business has achieved a stable perpetual growth rate?Argument: The companies who have achieved a stable growth rate do have EV/EBITDA of 10x by any industry standard. A multiple of 10-12x is used for growing organizations but it is not guaranteed that Arch Communication would be a rapidly growing organization even after 10-years. Even if the valuation using EV/EBITDA is validated – it could only be in the range of 6-7x. Currently, the industry standard is of 10x multiple of EV/EBITDA but that is not guaranteed after 10-years Problem: Is it valid to use FCF and EBITDA simultaneously in calculating the full enterprise value?The valuation at hand calculates the terminal value using EBITDA multiple and value generated over next ten years using FCF Argument: We would also prefer to calculate the terminal value using FCF rather than using EBITDA since the value generated in the next 10-years is also calculated using FCF. We believe that FCF would provide with a better approximation of the terminal value. Problem: Even if the business is not generating any profit at all currently, is it valid to assume no taxes even for the rest of the forecasting period? Argument: FCF is calculated as Problem: Is it efficacious to use a WACC of 13. 9%? Argument:

Individual assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual assignment - Research Paper Example It has five branches in major cities in the nation and the head office is in Abu Dhabi. The central bank has seven departments which include Banking operations, Banking supervision and Examination, Financial control, treasury, Research and statistics, Administrative affairs, internal audit. The similarity between European central bank and GCC central bank is that both have established single currency for the nation. The similarity between them is idea of currency integration. But the difference will appear in case of challenges that will be faced by GCC as compared to euro currency crisis. It was seen that during global financial crisis in 2008, GCC central bank made some difference in monetary policy which had helped it to keep it rate untouched. For the central bank of GCC, main problem was not to fix the liquidity but to fix the inflation rate. It plays an important role in GCC by strengthening its economy in today’s current market. Part B Introduction The Cooperation Counc il for the Arab States of the Gulf is also known as Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). During 1980, the Union Law issued the ‘Monetary System and Organization of Banking’ which provides the authority of banking and monetary system to the Central Bank. It also gives the power of controlling and implementing monetary, banking and credit policy of UAE to the central bank. The central bank guidelines consist- 1. Currency issuing as per the law. 2. It states that the currency should be stable and it can be freely converted into foreign currencies. 3. It needs to adopt a credit policy which will help to achieve the target growth of the economy. 4. It should develop the efficiency of banking system in nation. 5. It will act as a banker to the govt. The lending capacity of the central bank has increased from AED 155.2 billion at the end of 2000 to AED 972.1 billion at the end of 2010 and foreign assets of banks operating in UAE has increased from AED 91.5 Billion at the end of 200 0 to AED 233.5 billion at the end of 2010. Thus we can see that the bank has a quite good financial position in the market (Central Bank Of The U.A.E, 2013). Part C Discussion Structure of the Suggested Central Bank for GCC Board of directors of the Central bank have reorganized the structure of the bank which is now having five branches with seven departments and seven divisions , seven units and a risk bureau. It has five branches in major cities in the nation and the head office is in Abu Dhabi. These branches have three main sections as Accounts, Banking operations and administrative affairs. The central bank has seven departments which include Banking operations, Banking supervision and Examination, Financial control, treasury, Research and statistics, Administrative affairs, internal audit. Seven divisions further add IT, Correspondent Banking, Public Relations, general Secretariat, Personnel, Legal affairs. The central bank has another vertical of seven units which includes I T projects unit, Strategy Unit, Banking and Monetary

Chick Corea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chick Corea - Essay Example Use of accompaniment developed in the jazz music such as ornaments are used, as the performer primary goal is to play a composition as it was written. Armando Anthony who was known as â€Å"Chick Corea† was a renowned jazz musician who tirelessly composed hits of the jazz fusion and pianist. (Ward, 2005 )As a member of Miles Davis band in the 60s, he was a vigorous participant in the electric jazz fusion movement. He was a collaborator with other musician as he took the chance to explore various musical styles with musicians such as the Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner, and Keith Jarrett. He developed his talent of playing the piano as he tried to explore music of his own; musicians of Jazz fusion at his young age influenced him examples of stars like Dizzy Gillespie and Horace Silver. He build his career by studying musical education in New York. He took a profound stylistic turn from Avant garde playing at a crossover jazz fusion that incorporated Latin jazz elements that build h is relations with other artist in the jazz fusion industry. As a pianist he played the tune, stated the melody, and played the tune all the way through with his long solos. His accompaniments he used to make his song appealing that made people more excited and the audience loved it as they applauded him. (Weatherford, 2008) His work was known, as musicians would sing his compositions. (Weatherford, 2008) Chick Corie started composing Piano concerts and adapted a signature piece that he performed in Spain for a full symphony orchestra. In the late 8os, Corea joined forces with other young musician such as John Patitucci who was then known as Bass this made corea realized that the use of instruments led to opening new possibilities with labels that resulted to series of tours and recordings. The... "Chick Corea" outlines creative activity of talented jazz musician Armando Anthony. He build his career by studying musical education in New York. He took a profound stylistic turn from Avant garde playing at a crossover jazz fusion that incorporated Latin jazz elements that build his relations with other artist in the jazz fusion industry. As a pianist he played the tune, stated the melody, and played the tune all the way through with his long solos. His accompaniments he used to make his song appealing that made people more excited and the audience loved it as they applauded him. (Weatherford, 2008) His work was known, as musicians would sing his compositions. (Weatherford, 2008) Chick Corie started composing Piano concerts and adapted a signature piece that he performed in Spain for a full symphony orchestra. In the late 8os, Corea joined forces with other young musician such as John Patitucci who was then known as Bass this made corea realized that the use of instruments led to opening new possibilities with labels that resulted to series of tours and recordings. The characteristics that Corea mostly used which were aspects of Jazz improvisation was to create an interesting melodic lines which were as a result of repetition in the harmonic structure this led to overlapping of the melodic and harmonic elements in his composition. Core often preferred Lydian and altered scale that added which added tension to the improvised line that he composed making them colorful to listen.

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Summary - Essay Example The government has brought major developmental changes for the beautification of this city and it has a great potential of becoming one of the most favourite tourists’ destination in the global travel and tourism industry. The UAE government has done a commendable job in developing Abu Dhabi and Dubai as popular tourist destinations. However, in case of Masdar City, government has not taken any necessary initiatives for tourism development. For developing Masdar City as a tourist’ attraction, it is necessary to frame and execute a comprehensive campaign plan. Therefore, in order to formulate an effective campaign plan for this city, a number of tasks have been followed and executed. The secondary research analyses have disclosed that the UAE government is constantly trying to promote its country as a tourist’ attraction as the tourism industry has great economic importance. After the financial crisis of 2007-2008, UAE’s economy as well as the world economy is at its recovering stage. In the coming years, it is expected that people’s purchasing power will be enhanced and it will also increase people’s expenditure on leisure. This is a major opportunity that must be exploited by Masdar. As per the results and findings of the secondary research, key publics have been identified. Internal publics are the employees of the Masdar City project and the existing residents of this city.

Bussiness plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bussiness plan - Research Paper Example This is a leading factor for the adaptation of technologies and products that lead to the recycling of by-products from the environment. The recyclable compactor is something which the targeted markets will adapt. The reason for this is because those components that are considered as wastes can be compacted in a way that will make them easily disposable or easily adaptable to recycling. Growth Potential The market for the product is in the process of picking up. The main reason for this is because people are continually looking for ways through which wastes can be disposed in a better way. The whole concept is also new altogether. Initially people have been so much used to the idea of just having a regular bin for disposal of wastes. However, in the recent past contemporary and better methods are being adapted for all activities that are associated with waste disposal. This is a fact which will make the growth of the market something which will pick up in the near future. Associated Risks The positivity which is associated with this market is something which cannot be mentioned without looking at the negatives. There are also some potential risks which are associated with this product. The first risk which is easily identifiable is that of rejection by a significant part of the targeted market. ... Marketing Channels Various businesses use different approaches in the course of their marketing. It is imperative to note that the method, which is to be used, is largely dependent on the expansive market. The financial outlay is something which will influence the methods of advertising and marketing. The first thing, which is rather noteworthy, is to gain an understanding of these international markets. Thorough analysis has to be undertaken before the firm can even think of venturing into these markets. A feasibility study regarding the success of the business has to be done. This is particularly pertinent as it will serve to point out whether the business will stand a chance of success in the new market. This is as opposed to going blindly into these markets without prior knowledge. There are new and emerging trends, which business are employing in the course of their marketing. In this case, the first one which cannot go without mention, is the use of the internet. Firms have com e to realize that as opposed to the internet being only a source of information, it has stood out to be a highly effective tool when it comes to marketing. The main reason for this is because, through the internet a large audience can also be reached. This is a sort of strategy which has proven to be rather effective since to a greater extent it is cost-effective on the part of the business. At the same time, it is rather easy for the consumer to access this form of advertising beating in mind the wide internet usage in the present time. Delivery Methods There are a number of methods of delivery which can be looked at depending on the location of the customer. The markets in this case are in South and North America. The

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION - discuss and evaluate the range of family Essay

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION - discuss and evaluate the range of family types. (1000 words). - Describe and analyse sociological perspectives on the family (2500 WORDS FROM SECTION 2,3,4,AND 5 OF CRITERIA) - Essay Example Both the wives share their husband, and there should not be any bonds between the wives of the husband. Only when this condition is satisfied do we come across a Polygamous family. (Moynihan, Carolyn) This is a form of marriage where the woman takes the bite instead of the man. A polyandrous form of marriage includes a woman having more than two husbands and all of them living together at the same time. There should not be any bond between the husbands and they may or may not have kids. (Zietzen, Miriam) Monogamous form of marriage is the most prevalent form marriage in the society today. In almost all the countries throughout the world we have this type of marriage existent in their facets of societies. In this form of marriage, the man and the woman have only one partner, and they refrain from increasing the number of partners, but they stick to themselves. Matrilocal families consist of such kind of families which live with the wife’s mother’s house. According to this trend, the mother of the female child lives with her after her child gets married. Men have a very limited amount of input in the growth of the kids, and they usually bring up their sister’s kids. Woman have a dominating role to play in this kind of marriage. (Matrilocal Residence) Patrilocal families are the opposite of Matrilocal families where the couple resides along with the father of the husband in the same house. The kids are raised by husband the wife, but the husband has a dominating role in the family, focussing on running the family whereas the wife brings up the kids and looks after the day to day business of the family. Matrilineal descent is a system of family where the lineage is traced from the mother’s side. It is a line of descent from the female ancestor, from where the successors trace their lineage from the female ancestor. The husband also forms part of the wife’s lineage, and the kids take the family names of the mother’s

If you were given one million dollars to spend how would you spend it Essay

If you were given one million dollars to spend how would you spend it you cannot use it for yourself,familymembers or friends - Essay Example What if I have to spend it nonetheless? What would I do and where would I spend it? The question is abrupt and took me by surprise. It was a while before my polished grey cells started to work again. I thought, pondered, mused and laughed. I had numerous thoughts and each thought was powered by another, more distinct idea. Clearly imaginative, my thinking was now starting to bog my rationality. It was time I took a final decision and the decision had to be a wise one. The moment I gave it a thought, my mind stopped churning ideas. A simple decision to spend it on others had simplified the entire procedure and allowed me to slip out of my utopia. The next thought was the execution of my plan. In order to simplify the scenario, the million dollars were to be spent for charitable use. With that in mind, I narrowed my thoughts to select the best charitable option. Even as I pondered, I had a recollection which was nothing but a reflection of my past. It involved a close friend who had spent a majority of his life running in and out of rehabilitation centers. His drug abuse had spilled water on a promising career and his life had been reduced to a human waste. Taking cue from the above example, I set out to locate a suitable property dealer and bought an acre of wasteland. The hundred thousand dollar bill was substantial to transfer the property to my name. The next step involved hiring an expert builder who transformed the wasteland into a fully functional rehab center. I then enrolled the necessary staff and took the required permission to kick start the rehab center. A month later, the rehab had treated over a hundred patients for free, provided employment to fifteen nurses and five doctors besides a dozen maintenance employees. As I had no right over the money, the rehab was transferred under the care of a local non governmental organization. Well, if you thought that I spend the entire amount on the purchase of land, the

Corporate Strategy of Emerson Electric ACP Company Case Study

Corporate Strategy of Emerson Electric ACP Company - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that profit pools are the highly relevant business strategy which analyzes organizational activities and managerial processes to provide the firms with the competitive advantage by creating a value chain for the product and services. According to Porter, the value chain comprises of five primary and four secondary activities. Primary activities are inbound and outbound logistics, operations, marketing and sales, and services. Secondary activities include procurement, human resource management, technology development, and infrastructure. The firm’s analysis of these factors helps it to develop the appropriate strategy to maintain its market position and gain the competitive advantage in the industry. Few of the various activities that the firm analyzes and then implements the changes to improve and improvise its performance outcome can be briefly described as under. The process facilitates the creation of effective logistics for the sup ply chain of raw materials and the network of wholesalers and distributors so that the quality goods and services can reach the consumers timely and efficiently. The core business strategy of any business heavily relies on the market and sales strategy that facilitates its products and services to meet the needs and requirements of the people at large. Competitive pricing and a strong market position are major business compulsions that are need driven. They use various types of marketing metrics in order to gauge the preferences of the people and help evaluate the strength and weaknesses in its strategies to improve its business performance.

Retaining and Attracting Staff in Organisation Research Proposal

Retaining and Attracting Staff in Organisation - Research Proposal Example Key lessons and findings would be summarised and compiled to provide a useful reference that would be of benefit for any company of any size and in any part of the world in the task of facing this global challenge. First, the characteristic of the workplace is constantly changing because of the increasing globalisation of firms, which has affected firms in several ways such as raising the level of competition, demanding better performance and productivity from employees, and requiring higher standards of innovativeness, work values, skills and attitudes. This increased competition amongst firms has been extended from the marketplace for products and services and into the market for talented employees who need to be attracted and retained with the use of increasingly innovative and effective strategies. Second, the characteristics of the workforce -current, long-term, and incoming - are changing due to several factors, such as demographics, academic and professional qualifications, and job-related expectations. As companies compete and grow, they are increasing the demand for workers in a world where the population of talented workers is not growing as fast as the rise in demand. To take an example, companies need to attract and retain the highly educated Generation Y and the highly mobile Generation X (post-baby boom) and aging baby boomers. The research study will consider these two issues using updated findings based on primary and secondary research data as explained in the next section. The basic foundational materials for the study will be four of the latest research sources on the topic of attraction and retention of staff in organisations. The first is the latest Human Resources Salary Survey 2006/2007 conducted by the Tokyo (Japan)-based global recruitment and consulting agency Michael Page International (Leithead 2007) based on their experiences in global hiring and retention with a

Safety and security Essay Example for Free

Safety and security Essay Amateur sport is geared around participation and voluntary clubs. As land and buildings are expensive, many clubs use facilities provided by Local Authorities. Many outdoor sports clubs have their own facilities although there is an even greater number of players who use recreation grounds. There are about 78,000 pitches in the country. Thirty years ago amateur sport was largely centred on outdoor team games. Competitive sport means participation and developing skills and there is a sizeable industry for coaches and instructors. Despite its profile, competitive sport is on the decline and organisations like Sport England are concerned that as a nation we are losing our sporting skills and becoming less fit and healthy. For example, many governing bodies have big school-based programmes, and Local Authorities will run schemes in deprived areas where people cannot afford to play sport or go to health suites. Outdoor Activities-there are over a thousand centres in the UK which specialise in providing outdoor adventure holidays. Facility provision is also essential for outdoor sports, meaning the upkeep of the environment, and this is regulated by the organisations under the Countryside Agency umbrella, such as the Forestry Commission, Local Authorities or National Trust. For most participants activity in the natural world is occasional, and more time will be spent in training in built facilities such as pools or climbing walls. Profitable areas such as skiing, sailing, private sector companies are the main providers. Health and Fitness- there are now at least 2,500 private health and fitness clubs in the UK- it is a boom industry that many young people see as the exciting place to work in leisure. Private sector will increasingly dominate the market and eventually also manage and invest in public sector facilities on behalf of Local Authorities.  The central product of these clubs is the fitness room consisting of cardiovascular equipment and perhaps free weights, and frequently areas with small pools, jacuzzis and saunas.. Heritage and visitor attractions The heritage industry concerns buildings and materials that have historical value. Thirty years ago these were largely stately homes, castles, ruins such as Stonehenge and battlefields. Heritage was often about how the rich and famous had lived or what they had collected, or about culture(e.g. Shakespeare). Now it has expanded to include a much wider interpretation of historical value. Many heritage sites are owned by Trusts and limited companies that have been set up to manage individual sites, while many stately homes are owned and run by two big organisations: Museums-are not usually run by the private sector, largely because of high costs. Many museums started life as private collections which were later donated to the nation or the local community.  Libraries-apart from their lending their services which we will look at later, they are largely involved in the heritage sector. They have a back-room role of collecting important documents including maps, and making these available to the public. This is known as the records and archives service. Catering Leisure catering includes pubs and clubs, restaurants, cafes and takeaways. Its firmly placed in the private sector with some exceptions. A catering company provides a service according to the specification of the client and often under the clients name. Many leisure centres and theatres buy in service in this way.  The catering sector has various components that make eating out an enjoyable experience: the provision of food and drink; entertainment, such as jazz at Pizza Express, games; and security in the form of door staff. Eating out is an increasingly important and available leisure experience. The fast-food business is booming with a growth rate of 30 per cent. This growth is at the expense of takeaways and cafes, and especially of pubs and clubs. Fast food tends to be run by chains that can make economies of scale by producing the same product in each outlet. Many breweries have followed this trend and operate chains like Harvester restaurants within their pubs. In contrast cafes, restaurants and takeaways tend to be run and owned by family businesses. Countryside recreation The countryside is the natural, national playground and one which is used by walkers, ramblers and those involved in more active outdoor activities. A survey in 1998 by the National Centre for Social Research showed that 1,427 million day visits to the countryside were made and a further 241 million to the coast.  Like any leisure facility such usage will have an impact which in turn will lessen, and even threaten, the leisure experience itself. Organisations working in countryside recreation are therefore primarily stewards who maintain, manage and regulate the environment and also produce information and education. An important organisation funded by the Countryside Commission is the National Parks Authority. This is responsible for the regulation and interpretative service inside twelve National Parks, which are designated areas of significant natural beauty and wilderness. The Local Authority has a part to play in managing and regulating country parks. In many cases it also own s the land and will act as landlord to any tenants in the park, such as farmers. Home-based leisure This is cheap, easy and relaxing. The equipment most popularly used are: radios, videos, TV sets, gardening materials and home fitness machines is normally provided by the private sector. The main exceptions are the library lending services in the public sector. Except for broadcasting this component is retail based.  As the internet is more widely used, shopping for leisure on the net is likely to increase. Free services like Tesco mean more people are using the net.

Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Research Proposal Essay This research project is entitled ‘Safe pedestrian practices: the perception of children in Sri Lanka’. Road traffic accidents are one of leading causes of death amongst child pedestrians in low-income countries. Despite this, little research has been done into effective interventions to reduce child mortality in these countries. This study aims to provide original and useful data from Colombo, Sri Lanka which will help in the development of new or existing road safety interventions and education, particularly in relation to child knowledge and perception. The method of research involves recruiting school children aged 8-9 years from the Holy Family Convent and St. Peter’s College schools situated on Galle road, Colombo. These schools have been selected as they have similar location, one being a girls school, the other a boys school. The first part of the study involves a draw and write technique where the children will be asked to draw a picture of themselves crossing Galle road, the main road by their school. They will then be given a piece of paper with the instruction ‘tell me what you have drawn and why’. Six children from each class will be then purposively selected to take part in a focus group. Content analysis will be used when analysing this section of the results. Finally I will carry out a two day observation of child pedestrian behaviour on Galle road. Behaviour of the children will be compared using the UK’s Green Cross Code. It is estimated that the research will take approximately four weeks to complete. This includes, recruiting and gaining consent from the participants, carrying out the draw and write activity, completing two focus groups and carrying out the observational study. The estimated cost of this research  £1163. Background Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 86% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries despite accounting for only 40% of motor vehicles[i]. RTAs are the overriding cause of child injuries killing approximately 180 000 children under 15 each year. Children are rarely the cause of road traffic accidents but suffer as pedestrians, cyclists and passengers[ii]. Lack of research in low-income countries has meant a slow introduction of effective intervention strategies to reduce the mortality rates. Many factors are accountable for the high RTA rates in low-income countries including impaired driving, lack of enforcement and vehicle type. However the most significant differences found in low-income countries are the wide variation in road vehicles and the high number of vulnerable road users. The mixture of road users including pedestrians, bicycles, handcarts, mopeds, rickshaws, motorcycles, vans, cars, trucks and buses means that schemes to combat this problem have not been required in the same extent in high-income countries and therefore local research is needed[iii]. Child pedestrians account for a large proportion of vulnerable road users. The high number of pedestrian and cyclist casualties in these countries reflects not only their inherent vulnerability but also insufficient attention to their needs in policy-making3. A study in Pakistan observed 250 pedestrians in the top 10 risk areas for pedestrian RTAs in Karachi. They observed walking and crossing the road and walking on the pavement. Only 60% of the pedestrians looked left and right before crossing. 52% crossed the street less than 2 seconds before a vehicle passed the point they had just crossed. 35% caused the traffic to swerve to avoid the observed pedestrian. Of the 250 pedestrians observed walking on the street edge, 82% had a pavement available to them but were not using it[iv]. Of the pedestrians using pavements 28% encountered an encroachment and 84% of these stepped on to the street to avoid it. Among those who were observed stepping on the road from the sidewalk, 66% did not look out for oncoming traffic4. Possible study limitations were that only pedestrian behaviour was studied, not actual accidents and the study sites were the top ten risk sites for RTAs in Karachi so may not be transferable to other situations. The advantage of this data is that it was carried out in a low-income country which means the findings can be drawn on for other settings. Policy changes such as restricting the amount of pavement space being used by stalls or shops and publicity to highlight the danger of such behaviour along with the important of observation when crossing roads may make a large difference to fatality rates. Risk perception has been widely studied as a risk factor for injuries however literature relating to child pedestrian safety is seriously lacking. Zeedyk et al[v] carried out research on children who had been taught a programme of road safety. They carried out two studies, both focussing on the skill of finding a safe place to cross the road. Firstly they tested the effect of the programme in improving knowledge and secondly whether the children transferred their knowledge to change their behaviour in a traffic environment. Initial results encouragingly showed that the interventions were effective in increasing the children’s knowledge of safe and dangerous places to cross roads and that this information was retained for six months. The second study however showed that this knowledge did not influence behaviour and that those children who had received knowledge on safety when crossing roads behaved no differently from those children who had receive no information whatsoever. That is the children were not applying the knowledge they had displayed during pre-testing5. The study’s main limitation is that it does not allow any further information on why the children didn’t apply their knowledge in the real situation, only that they didn’t. Research in Australia[vi] into the parental risk perceptions of childhood pedestrian road safety found that cultural risk factors significantly affected risk perception and safety behaviour. The results showed that Chinese and Arabic speaking parents perceived the road environment to be significantly less risky to their children than parents from the other two language groups. One significant limitation of this study is that assumptions were made that the language spoken by an individual was closely linked to their cultural make-up. Since the main finding was the differences between perceptions from different cultural groups it seems important that this factor is reliable. Despite this, this study reinforces the need for local research from which local interventions can be implemented. As described there is very little research on road safety in low-income countries, particularly regarding the safety of child pedestrians. Intervention strategies to help reduce child pedestrian mortality can only be implemented if the factors underlying the increasing rates are established. It is hoped this study will help to describe the behaviour and perceptions of children in a named area in Sri Lanka regarding safe pedestrian practice. The study will help build on existing knowledge of child pedestrian safety but provide an original and detailed description of the behaviour and perceptions of Sri Lankan children in a defined area. The data produced from this study will identify the knowledge and behaviour of child pedestrians, what they perceive to be safe practices and why they think this. This study anticipates highlighting the importance of child perception in safety behaviours. Child perceptions should be taken into account when considering the design of safety education programmes and road safety interventions. Research Question The background literature shows a clear gap in research into the behaviour, knowledge and perceptions of child pedestrians in low-income countries. The research question for this study is: Child pedestrian fatalities: the accountability of child perceptions in Sri Lanka The aim of this study is to discover the perceptions children in Sri Lanka have regarding road safety and specifically related to their own safety as pedestrians which may influence their risk of being involved in a RTA. The results of this study will enable a greater understanding of how a defined group of children in Colombo, Sri Lanka use the local roads, what they know about road safety, how they perceive it and therefore whether they generally behave in accordance to their knowledge and perceptions. This was discussed above by Zeedyk et al5 who found the knowledge of the children in their study did not affect their behaviour. The objectives of this study are to: Observe and record the road behaviour of children in the local area Identify what the children know about pedestrian safety Discover whether the children know why certain practices are safe Make comparisons between what the children know about road safety and say they are aware of and how they behave in the real situation Detailed Research Proposal pedestrian injury Children are particularly vulnerable to pedestrian death because they are exposed to traffic threats that exceed their cognitive, developmental, behavioral, physical and sensory abilities. This is exacerbated by the fact that parents overestimate their children’s pedestrian skills. Children are impulsive and have difficulty judging speed, spatial relations, and distance. Auditory and visual acuity, depth perception and proper scanning ability develop gradually and do not fully mature until at least age 10. Method RTA death rates in Sri Lanka totalled 11 per 100 000 population in 1995[vii] with pedestrian accidents accounting for 45% of the total fatal accidents, one of the highest rates in Asia[viii]. The research will be carried out among children in Sri Lanka. The selected site is Galle Road, Colombo which is the main road from Colombo to Galle along the west coast of Sri Lanka and is the location of a number of schools. The assumption will be made that the majority of child pedestrians walking alongside and crossing that particular road are from one of the local schools. The study population will be girls and boys aged 5-15 years old attending schools in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Research shows RTAs predominantly affect those under the age of 15 [ix]. Schools in Sri Lanka are commonly single sex which means children will be selected from 2 schools, St Peter’s College, a boys’ school and Holy Family Convent, a girls’ school. Worldwide, boys are more likely to be affected by RTAs than girls so studying boys and girls may highlight important differences which could account for such a difference between them[x] [xi]. I was unable to find any research indicating which children are most at risk of RTAs only that those under 15 are an increased risk compared to the rest of the population. Research from Canada suggests children aged 6-9 years are most at risk and in a survey on children’s road safety practice several countries including the UK, New Zealand and the US identified those under 10 as most at risk[xii]. Research such as this in low income countries is scarce. Consequently I have decided to select the age groups 7-8 and 9-10 years as my sample. The methods being used in this study have been deemed inappropriate for children under 6 to carry out. Two classes of children, aged 7-8 and 9-10 from each of the schools mentioned year group will be studied, giving a total of 4 classes. Variations in ages might allow for difference in safety knowledge due to age to be identified. For example if the younger children perceive a certain dangerous practice to be safe and the same results are found in the older children this may indicate a problem with safety education or local road dangers rather than naivety due to age.

DELL Company Anlaysis

DELL Company Anlaysis Dell Computers have been the leaders in computer world for more than two decades. Dell has been empowering countries, communities, customers and people everywhere to use technology to realize their dreams and possiblities. Since the first Dell PC was introduced in 1986, Dell has continued to shape the industry by breaking new ground and pioneering critical developments in home, small business and enterprise computing. The Dell business connects with more than 5.4 billion customers every day with earnings of $14.9 billion comprising a net profit of $584 million. Dells continuous research and development (RD) have proven efforts to reach the globe, which is driven by some of the industrys foremost product designers and engineers. The core of Dell computers is always been in innovation approach with a commitment to deliver new and better solutions and technologies that fulfils and meets demands and customer needs. They accept Partnerships with varied industry such as software, hardware and component suppliers and by generating a uniquely broad perspective on the computing world and the accessories. Dell believes in innovations which begin in-house supported by global team of top engineers, product designers and technical experts. Along with a team effort with Dells strategic partners to formulate and implement the different strategies. Their mission is to deliver innovative and cost-effective solutions that meet todays customer requirements and innovative work seamlessly is carried out in existing environments and their products. Dell is uniquely positioned into the market which has a strong impact of and on the industry trends. They maintain strong internal and in-house development capabilities. They have a strategy to be partners, rather than to compete, with top technology suppliers and manufacturers. They enable industry standards and technologies through industry groups and strategic partners. In such a way Dell innovates and delivers value and needs of customers. Customer needs analysis for Intercontinental Hotel Group The IHG brand itself owns or services more than 4,000 hotels and also has approximate of $1bn fund to support owners who purchase a franchise from IHG. IHG doesnt own many hotels outright as it had and has a wide focus on franchising. IHG provides the back-up for others as they have an amazing network to bind up with global brands. The IHG Company specialises in mid-scale hotels, along with the Park Lane InterContinental which is a high class with a suite complete with cinema available for  £4,000-a-night. Both business and leisure customers are vital to the success of the group and the former is starting to pick up. The IHG brand has a varied brands of hotels from INTERCONTINENTAL as business class, HOLIDAY INN as resort and inns, STAYBRIDGE suites as leisure hotels which fulfils the needs of having a varied variety of customers for the business varying from leisure travellers to business class personnel. So does the IHG offer a varied variety of brands to the customer ranging from 7 brands offering varied class of service to meet the needs of customers having a pioneering strategy to achieve pioneering position in the competitive market the basic design of IHG by franchising the brands in different sectors provides a variety for different customers and fulfil their needs Corporate Strategy for INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUP Being a service oriented and pioneering company the major corporate strategies can be listesd as follows: an continuous audit of the clients culture, image and communications strategy an analysis of the existing use of resources, and research into further opportunities; the development of an awareness with the client of the potential higher value through promotional strategies the provision of a brief overview for positioning, developed in the same way as a logo and design system for a same value as of a corporate identity To create a collaborative decision-making process to agree on effectiveness of channels and methods for reaching target audiences through the creation of new identity within a consistent customer satisfaction Competitive priorities of IHG Managing complexity and speeding development Delivering quality and at fast pace Managing technological changes in Hospitality sector Right tools and right people to be targeted Transformation of operating processes Building up a customer centric position With the above competitive priorities IHG should focus on being customer centric as to cope up with the increasing competition in the current hospitality industry which is a beginning step towards the quality management Customer needs analysis for DELL Computers The Dell computers have a focus on customer centric market. The Dell computers have very strong market varying of customers from home users to the official market to the corporate clientele. The each and every sector has a varied demand and need for their requirements. Dell is the first major computer manufacturer to ban the export of nonworking electronics to developing countries as part of our global electronics disposal policy building up a good brand image within the market. They offer the customers to choose to do business with more than 60,000 partners registered with Dell and certified to operate as our agents. Thus having a customer centric market focuses on the consumer needs. Dell computers believe in continuous innovation which is one of more key factors as their being constant changes in the technology and advancements in day to day life there is increase in needs of different customers which is satisfied the current operating procedures of the company Corporate strategies of Dell Computers Following up with Corporate Responsibility Considering the competition in the market along with the others computer companies the few corporate strategies of Dell Inspire innovation and innovate our team members to live company purposes : As usual dell computers have been promoting innovation since long time so as to promote the technical as well as support team and cope up with increasing needs of customers with advancements in technology Continue building up trust through the positive and meaningful differences the company is making on the communities and the planet : The commitment of Dell computers have been constantly creating a difference in technology and innovating the technology Recognize where they can make the most measurable impact and align the commitments : To recognize by the sensitive evaluation of the customers as being a customer centric strategic organization and measure the impacts would be occurring on the commitments to the specific market segment. Develop measures for reporting the progress and media to communicate that progress: The motive would be to evaluate the performance and make evaluations at timely basis and to communicate the results to compare with the expected goals to be achieved Competitive Priorities of Dell Computers: Focusing on best available solution instead of just focusing on technology Having a alternative focus the available solutions to the improvement of technology instead of also just having a focus on innovation Teaching and promoting innovative thinking Promoting in-house innovations instead of hiring and having a partnering with the technical consultants Getting feedback from customers and suppliers Getting feedbacks from the customers should be of mere importance as being a customer centric focus it will help in making continuous improvements and meeting the requirements Supply Chain management of IHG The InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) outsources its management of supply chain and has signed a new five year contract with Supply Chain Management, (SCM, LLC) to manage the supply chain function at and of IHG. SCM, LLCs responsibilities will include North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. With supplying and looking over the work process of the inter brands as well as on supply chain of specific brand SCM.LLC manages the supply chain function for both IHGs corporate and owned/managed / franchised by hotel group, including the major process of sourcing, negotiating, contracting and interfacing with suppliers to maintain cost and quality control. In addition, SCM will manage the relationship with IHGs procurement service company. SCM also helps IHG with staff serving the account will be housed on-site at IHG offices in the major locations of the brand. Enhancing relations with the suppliers and standardizing products and services by following an efficient supply chain. SCM provides strategic solutions for expense management that enable clients to achieve maximum and sustainable savings through a variety of customized services. These services include cost management, spend analysis, process re-engineering, demand management, sourcing of products and services, negotiation, contract development and administration, and staff training. This outsourcing helps IHG to look onto the performa nce and evaluate it and thus follow up with the changes to be made. Constraint Management of INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUP Following with the few constraints from the SCM (Supply Chain Management) review. IHG (InterContinental Hotels Group) has launched a new Price Optimization module globally that integrates local market demand forecasting, publicly available competitive data analysis and price and revenue management system and helps IHGs hotels determine the best daily price. While traditional revenue management systems select rates based on demand predictions, IHGs Price Optimization module has a price sensitive modeling process that allows the system to continuously balance rates, occupancy and guest pricing preferences in a way that increases revenue opportunities regardless of demand. It makes easier for the large group of hotels to make competitive pricing decisions IHG hotels with brands that include Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express which ranges from low budget hotels to hi class leisure and luxury brands which makes it important to be concerned with financing of the brands. Thus seeing positive results following the system generated price and balancing the revenues. The Price Optimization module is a proprietary system that was developed as there had been lot of leverage costs wasted up with the brands. Lean Systems followed by INTERCOTINENTAL HOTEL GROUP After the 9/11 attack there has been a considerable and resulting downturn in the hotel and hospitality business, IHG needed to cut costs significantly to stay competitive. There had been a cut down of around $100M from the Americas Region operating budget. Then IHG turned managed services consultants, to help reduce their spend on Helpdesk, Deskside and Server Support services by 33% (or $1.2M) and understand why end-user satisfaction was low and make improvements in the service with budget planning. The systems were transformed and a formulation of IT servers was lead on to cut down the costs looked at the IT challenges being faced by IHG, it seemed to migrate as many of the Desk side service calls as possible to the Helpdesk. It was to make process improvements without disrupting a live IT service and further degrading already low levels of services. Lean and Six Sigma were applied to the present procedures which allowed quantifying obvious areas for improvement and also uncovering substantial opportunities to make changes with. For example, discovering the cost savings that eliminate redundancy between service providers would bring a change in overall change in system thus saving costs and to achieve the $1.2M in savings. The following lean procedures were allowed: To reduce the average problem fixing times and to improve customer satisfaction Solve more problems at the Helpdesk instead of on-site Deskside Updated and standardized operating systems to reduce complications with the data availablity Moving of account administration off-site so it will be easy for managing and storing information Eliminate the vendor duplication for an effort to further reduce costs Supply Chain for DELL Computers The Dell Computer Corporation a leading direct computer systems company. Dell sells its computer systems directly to end customers, bypassing distributors and retailers (resellers). Dells supply chain consists of only three stages. The suppliers from whom they gain basic resources, the manufacturer (Dell) at which innovation is converted to technology, and end users. Dell has developed direct contact with customers which allows it to: Properly identify market segments, Analyze the requirements and profitability of each segment, and Develop more accurate demand forecasts. Dell matches supply and demand because its customers order computer configurations over the phone or online (Internet) where sometimes it makes use of JIT (Just In Time) process as each computer has to be configured according to needs. These computer configurations are built up from components that are available. Dells strategy is to provide customised, low cost, and quality computers that are delivered on time to make the customer feel cared for and valued for time and money. Dell successfully implemented this strategy through its efficient manufacturing operations, better supply chain management and direct sales model. Dell takes orders directly from its customers; either on phone or online. Thus, Dell reduces the cost of intermediaries and agents that would otherwise add up to the total cost of PC for the customer as well be problematic at times with misunderstanding and breaking down image of DELL. Dell also saves time on processing orders that other companies normally incur in t heir sales and distribution system. Moreover, by directly dealing with the customer Dell gets a clearer indication of market trends. This helps Dell to plan for future besides better managing its supply chain and also keeps a track with trends and surveys the customer needs in specific market. This also helps dell to get a targeted sector for the next innovative product. One more advantage for Dell is it gets by directy dealing with the customer is that it is able to get the customers requirements regarding software to be loaded. Dell loads the ordered software in its plant itself before dispatching it. By eliminating the need of a PC support engineer to load software, the customers gain both in time and cost. They can use the PCs the moment they arrive. Just by a click and no need of any separate installations are to be made with the same thus cutting down the costs of engineers for installation. Constraint Management of DELL Computers The Dell computers being innovative and efficient with the systems have to some internal constraints which can be managed while applying New single-system backup solution which combines world-class hardware and software to help customers store, protect and archive data and also Dell and Symantec collaborate to make reduplication technology accessible so customers can improve efficiency and optimize storage investments and dell could provw with the best. In accordance with innovating on working on customer needs there has to been management on constraints.To help small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) more effectively respond to the challenge of efficiently storing, managing and protecting increasing amounts of business-critical data, Dell is introducing the PowerVault DL2100 Powered by Symantec Backup Exec 2010, a disk-based backup and recovery solution with available reduplication technology in a single server. With this integrated end-to-end solution, customers can easily deploy and manage backup and recovery tasks, and reduce backup costs compared to tape-based solutions. Which will be a innovative solution for managing the data efficiently and in organised way rather then having large servers being operated continuously incurring costs and adding up to the maintenance costs Lean systems for Dell Computers Dell follows to run a lean operation. Dell factory we wont get to see raw materials, except those on the production line so as we use Just In Time procedure follow-ups. There are no products, as we build to order. So it is a pull system, rather than a push system where you build to forecasts and it so often goes wrong. Often there is no much push strategy used in dell computers manufacturing systems avoiding wastes and layoffs. The other characteristic of the Dell business model is the attention to detail, and the belief in continuous improvement and continuous innovation. Dells manufacturing techniques are a margin ahead of its competitors. To keep pressing ahead to keep Dell Computer at the forefront of production methods would be the strategy to be the pioneers of the computer world There have been number of touches and a computer needs you can cut the number of people you need to build it. But the number of touches also directly relates to the number of failures in the field as it generally possesses a risk of changes in technology and the current production lying back. There is a huge cost to DELL for operating technical support and dispatching a replacement part. If on a computer system they have to do a part replacement, they have to lose the profit on that PC if we have to do a dispatch. So getting it right on quality is fundamental to prove the customers being the best in the computer world. Dell has been pulling business model from such that there were the efficiencies of Dell. Now a days Dell has been likely having the idea of outsourcing manufacturing to that of installing an ERP system. Which can cut down the manufacturing costs as the faults on hardware to be replaced back with the manufacturer just instead of producing and facing losses on the failure or breakdown of any hardware Comparative variations in Operating systems of IHG and DELL Computers Comparing a Brand from a hospitality sector such as Intercontinental Hotel Group holding 7 major brands in hospitality and service sector having a pioneering strategy achieving varied variety for the customers with choices from business class to leisure and resorts to a customer concentric computer company of DELL Computers which being customer oriented IT sector INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL GROUP (IHG Plc) IHG group has been the pioneers in the hospitality industry with more then 4400 hotels owned and franchised with 7 major brands providing a variation in meeting the requirements of the customers with varied profile and targeting different sectors. They have a plan of expanding to more of 35 properties in the coming three years. The operations being very franchised and linked up together. The supply chain management of in between the interbrands has been contracted with supply chain management SCM consultants to keep it organised as the franchising has to look over the all brand management state. To get summary of the supply chain and to know the defects and implement changes to the operations. The IHG group now is been targeting customers of varied sectors based on the different profiles offered by the properties to suit the customer profile. The pioneering strategy of the IHG is to continue with getting in customer oriented sector while making a change with the services offered. It also offers a loyalty points for the frequent customers and the loyalty card members which would create an assured clientele for the IHG group. DELL Dell has been consumer concentric and also keeping its inventory at a bare minimum. DELL recognises that the it cannot concentrate on just cost alone as it has been following a strategies to directly being in contact with the consumers. It has to differentiate and it has taken the steps to do just that. As the software services it is set to take off in the coming future along with Symantec to develop backup softwares. DELL has laid the foundation to offer the Softwares it has to build on multiple platforms. DELL intends to make available on both DELL and non-DELL systems offering customers the kind of customised support as it has done with its computer systems of hardwares and being with the support from the Microsoft system softwares. The reason being that there are too many complexities involved in the synchronizing the softwares with the various sectors in the market and would be innovating to be as google as it initially came only with search engine now linked up with varied appl ications. But Dell seems determined and has invested a lot in this new service. This could achieve a market share that was lost to HP. Dell will also have to branch out on the various channels it can operate from. The direct consumer interaction has been working well but may not be enough to sustain a more globalized presence in the developing countries. So it needs to expand the channels globally and also has plans to open more manufacturing factors in India, Brazil, and BRIC countries. To enable better delivery of customer service, Dell will have to coordinate with the channels for continuous and considerate supply.

Appeasement Essay -- History European Historical Essays

Appeasement The task of explaining why appeasement, has been continuously addressed by historians over the years. To date, there is still no single cause identified. Nonetheless there is however a general consensus amongst historians that the frightful events of world war one, distilled a sense of fear and regret amongst British society, and consequently Britain strived to prevent any future war, through whatever means necessary. In the aftermath of World War 1, lay a mutual understanding between the British government and society that never again should a catastrophe such as World War 1 occur, it was described as the "war to end all wars" reinforcing the view that it was a cataclysmic event which should never be re-enacted upon society. British public became disillusioned with the use of force in international relations and as a result sought an approach consisting of an effective system of collective security. In post war society anti-war books, films and poems all became increasingly well lik ed and several pacifist pressure groups were formed with the sole aim of achieving peaceful solutions to international problems. These groups were known as The Peace Pledge Union, The Peace Society and the No More War Movement. World War 1 essentially left Britain in a state of mourning, and accordingly thousands of war monuments were erected, and an annual day of mourning and remembrance was established, known as Remembrance Sunday. This was an attempt to pay tribute to those heroes lost in the war and to act as a subtle reminder of the devastation caused by the war in a bid to prevent any future conflict. As a result of the desolation a common consensus was becoming apparent amid the general public, which was that, there were no clear societal gains from the war and the obvious economic, and political decline of the country showed no gains in that sector either. Hence the reduction of arms and peace became vote winners in elections. Appeasement can be defined as " a disposition to avoid conflict by judicious concession and negotiation". Neville Chamberlain noted that the British public would not wish nor accept another war. Therefore the British government sought to follow a policy of appeasement. However, everyone did not share the acceptance of the policy of appeasement. Looking on with hindsight many historians have condemned the actions of Chamberlai... ...nland. There are mixed opinions towards this policy, and the question why historians have debated appeasement continuously over the passing decades. Many believe that Chamberlains policy of appeasement was fuled by a desire to do everything in his power possible to avoid war, and his belief that all European powers shared the dame feeling. The catastrophic events of World War one set in a deep fear and hatred of war among many. It is also felt that Chamberlain followed the policy of appeasement as a means to buy some time as he realised that British defences were hopelessly inadequate, as British military strength had been greatly reduced due to the commitment of disarmament. Even at the time of the Anschluss Britain was declared unprepared for war. Therefore to conclude, whatever the reasons for the continual policy of appeasement, it can be said that appeasement with the sole aim of preventing war did not succeed, however what it was seen to do was prolong the inevitable. Many strongly feel that the continual demands of Hitler were flared by the lack of opposition, and his continual greed for expansion, his demands were rarely attacked, simply given into with little hesitancy.

An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essays -- Sonnet essays

An Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet 73      Ã‚   Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare is widely read and studied. But what is Shakespeare   trying to say? Though it seems there will not be a simple answer, for a better understanding of Shakespeare's Sonnet 73, this essay offers an explication of the sonnet from The Norton Anthology of English Literature:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That time of year thou mayst in me behold   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In me thou seest the twilight of such day   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As after sunset fadeth in the west;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Which by and by black night doth take away,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death's second self that seals up all in rest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In me thou seest the growing of such fire,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the deathbed whereon it must expire,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consumed with that it was nourished by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To love that well, which thou must leave ere long.  Ã‚   (879)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This sonnet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg form. Most of his sonnets were written in the 1590s at the height of the vogue, but they were not published until 1609. The first 126 are addressed to a young man; the remainder (with the exception of the last two, which are conventional sonnets on Cupid) are addressed to an unknown "Dark Lady." Whether or not Shakespeare laid bare his heart in his sonnets, as many critics have contended, they are his most personal poems.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For understandi... ...ine 14). "Leave" in line 14 does not mean more than "leave behind."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 well fills and fits the three quatrains and single couplet of the Elizabethan sonnet. We can be sure there is no doubt to believe that some of Shakespeare's sonnets, like Sonnet 73, were well known and he was surely placed at the head of the dramatists and high among the non-dramatic poets. As Bender and Squier claimed (75), in the sixteenth century, Shakespeare is England's greatest playwright and the best of the Elizabethan sonneteers.    Works Cited Abrams, M. H., et al., The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1986. Bender, Robert M., and Charles L. Squier, eds. The Sonnet: An Anthology. New York: Washington Square P, 1987. McAuley, James. Versification: A Short Introduction. Michigan: Michigan UP, 1985.  

Farewell To Arms: Religion Essay -- essays research papers

Religion in "A Farewell to Arms" For hundreds of years, writers have used religion as a principle issue and point of discussion in their novels. Hawthorne expressed his views in The Scarlet Letter, Garcia Marquez did the same in One Hundred Years of Solitude and in other writings, and even Ernest Hemingway used his writing to develop his own ideas concerning the church. This is fully evident in his novel A Farewell to Arms. Even in a book in which the large majority of the characters profess their atheism, the ideas of the church materialize repeatedly as both characters and as topics of conversations. Religion is presented through reflections of the protagonist "Lieutenant Henry," and through a series of encounters involving Henry and a character simply identified as "the priest." Hemingway uses the treatment of the priest by the soldiers and by Henry himself to illustrate two ways of approaching religion in a situation in which God has no place, and employs these encounters between the pri est and other characters as a means of expressing religious views of his own. Most evident to the reader is the strict difference between the priest's relationship with Henry and that which he has with the other soldiers. Hemingway repeatedly emphasizes this in all sections of the book, even after Henry is injured, when he is completely isolated from the other soldiers. The first instance the reader sees of this is only six pages into the novel. Hemingway writes, "That night in the mess after the spaghetti course . . . the captain commenced picking on the priest" (6-7). Hemingway's diction is suggestive: "commenced" signifies not only that the soldiers began to pick on the priest, but that ridiculing the priest was their main activity prior to dinner as well as after. Almost the same scenario is portrayed only a few pages later: "the meal was finished, and the argument went on. We two stopped talking and the captain shouted, 'Priest not happy. Priest not happy without girls.'" (14). The soldiers' ridicule of the priest is again hi ghlighted when Henry, bed-stricken with his injury, asks the priest "How is the mess?" (69). The priest replies "I am still a great joke" (69). The reader sees an obvious pattern in the relationship between the priest and the others. Mo... ...igion and God that the reader will receive in the novel. God may or may not be there, but that doesn't affect, and certainly does not help, anyone in the book or in the war itself. The views Hemingway presents in the novel at this point become, if not clear, at least more accessible to the reader. The priest no longer represents God. He does represent religion, for this is why he receives the verbal battery he does from the soldiers. But to Henry and to the reader he is simply another man with strong beliefs. God, in the novel, either does not exist or is completely apathetic to the actions of man. The one religious icon the reader sees in the book, the St. Anthony necklace Catherine gives to Henry, is disregarded and lost within twenty pages. Henry's strongest sense of devotion in the book is to Catherine, and in this way love for him is a "religious" feeling, but by no other definition of the word is this true. The priest nicely expresses Hemingway's message when he says, "there in my country it is understood that a man may love God. It is not a dirty joke" (71). The frontlines are no place for religion. God has no place in war.

Bshs 402 Final Exam

Final Exam Please use the Initial List of Case Management Functions located in the Appendix of your Rothman & Sager text on page 289 as well as chapter 2. Use the vignette below to provide Case Management services to this particular client. Please follow all of the steps in the Case Management functions to best serve your client. Please do not number each of the functions in question/answer form, but answer in essay format using APA standards. You will not earn credit unless each of the steps is clearly identified; you may use headings, italicized identification throughout the paragraph with each of the steps, etc.The final exam is due Week 5 Day 7. Please submit to the assignments section on your student website. Your paper should be at least 3-5 pages double spaced. Jack is a single father of two children. He has recently lost his job which is creating difficulties taking care of his family. He is on the verge of having his electricity and water cut off to his house. He is also str uggling to pay his mortgage. He is on his last $50 and still has to feed his family for the week. He has not had much luck on his own finding services to help him in this time of crisis.Recently, his two children have had difficulties in school acting out and not completing their school work. Jack is becoming frustrated and feels hopeless given his current situation. He comes to you looking for help. What do you do? Client Identification and Outreach In order to help Jack return stability into his life and that of his children we need to follow a schematic model of intervention as discussed in Chapter 2 of our text. The first step in implementing the case management process is Client Identification and Outreach.According to Rothman (1998), â€Å"the flow of clients into the organization can come through referrals of various kinds (agencies, families, community organizations, clergy, police, schools, self-referral, etc. )†. Therefore the agency must make itself available to re ceive clientele as they approach the system. Jack has contacted our agency through self-referral. Now we must set up an interview to find out more about Jack and his family. This will be accomplished through an intake interview. Intake, Assessment and Setting GoalsAn intake interview will take place during the first appointment in a formal setting such as the agency office where various administrative forms will be filed. Intake will include identifying Jack’s problem and situation. Also, it will be determined if there is an appropriate agency-client match. Eligibility will be examined and the financial situation appraised. The client will be given information about agency services, requirements, and limitations. At this time we hope to find out more details about Jack’s struggles and needs as well as some personal/family background information.Psychosocial Assessment The next step would be assessing the level of the client’s social, psychological, and physical functioning. This is a rather involved step in the process because not only does the information come from the client but other sources such as family, previous agencies, work place etc. In Jack’s case he will be the main contributor to his background information. During the assessment process we find out that Jack was laid off because the company downsized to be able to compete in today’s tough market.Jack was a computer analyst. The financial burden has become unbearable and added stress to Jack’s family life. Recently he vented out his frustration on his two children, and now regrets it. With bills piling up, grocery dwindling away, and his children’s poor academic performance jack finds himself in despair and in need of outside assistance. At this time it’s been determined that Jack has suffered an emotional breakdown because of high stress and on the verge of developing mild depression.His psychological needs should be addressed simultaneously while helping Jack get back on his feet and provide basic needs for his family. Jack has many friends but he is too proud to ask them for financial help. Goal Setting Now we are able to set up concrete goals with Jack because we have covered all necessary background information and determined what his needs are. First we must prioritize. Jack needs food for his family and to keep the household utilities fully functioning so that his children may continue leading a healthy daily routine.In order to maintain Jack’s psychological health a counselor from the agency will work with Jack on gaining emotional stability and dealing with daily stressors. It will take time to find Jack gainful employment; in the meantime the case manager will help him apply for unemployment. Also refer him to a local food bank for food. Throughout the goal setting process client’s input is crucial and a must to make sure all their needs are being addressed and the client’s wishes are hear d and considered.The short term goals would be Jack’s psychological stability, food for his family, and maintaining full functioning of the household. Long term goals would be finding Jack full time employment and possibly learning new job skills. Another goal is to boost his children’s academic performance. Resource Identification and Intervention Planning Now we are ready to start implementing our intervention plan. An intervention plan is obviously enhanced through use of available service resources.For the purpose of our client Jack the resources we need have already been established. Now the case manager must locate these resources by looking in to the information that’s already available from previous cases or researching new resources through available networks. It’s also helpful to connect with other agencies or individuals and request needed information. It’s important to include the client in resource identification process by asking abou t places they turn to for help and what has been useful to them, additional resources surface, some off-the-beaten-track.By doing this a case manager can find out a lot of useful information about agencies such as availability of resources, eligibility of clients, reliability and quality of services. Now we are ready for the next step. Intervention planning encompasses both treatment planning, in the sense of therapy and counseling, and service planning, which involves the linking of clients to external agencies and informal networks for more varied and comprehensive assistance.The client’s personal rights, needs, and goals are considered in their interrelatedness with the external realities of physical space, social supports, family structure, and the community’s social and political climate. The intervention plan for Jack is simple, receive counseling and apply for unemployment, go to the local food bank. The counselor might recommend other services for Jack if she d etermines there is a deeper issue that cannot be resolved without the help of a therapist. Jack’s children should participate on a few counseling sessions so that a healthy family tmosphere can be established at home. A counselor might suggest Jack take a parenting class to build positive relationships with his children. The steps must be clearly defined and written out preferably in a contract. Linking Jack to the services and supports I have already identified will be our next step in the intervention plan. The case manager may assist these clients in acquiring job interviewing and job searching skills. A social service agency can assist with perplexities about housing, job training, or family disruption.Professional linking does not consist of simply suggesting a referral. It also means making a good hook-up, including doing whatever is necessary to ensure that the client actually receives the needed aid. The case manager will connect Jack and his family with each agency a nd perform a follow up to make sure Jack has received the help and services he needed. This process calls for a wealth of knowledge about the community human services system: accurate, up-to-date information on policies, programs and procedures; contingencies and â€Å"loopholes†; and the costs and benefits of different options.Monitoring, Reassessment, and Outcome Evaluation Monitoring is following up on a client intervention plan to make sure it is carried out and that it brings about the helpful results that were intended. In monitoring, the practitioner sees to it that the agencies accepting clients actually provide the needed services, that aid from family or friends is forthcoming, and that the client carries out tasks that were agreed upon. It also is a means of tracking the practitioner’s own intended performance.In our case with Jack the case manager will place weekly phone calls and set up appointments every two weeks in order to measure client progress. If n eeded the check in sessions can become more frequent or less frequent depending on how well the client is doing. Monitoring is closely tied with reassessment because looking at a process in action automatically provides feedback about how the process is playing out and with what consequences. During reassessment it should be determined if the original intervention plan is working or if some goals need to be changed or adjusted depending on how well the plan has worked.Again it’s very important to utilize client input during monitoring and reassessment to determine success or failure of the plan and if any changes or adjustments are necessary. Finally, if the plan has worked and Jack is happily functioning in all areas of his life such as family, work and social circles, then the implemented intervention was successful. If not then the plan must be revised and new goals set up addressing areas of previous failure. All the while the case manager must give the client, Jack, empo werment to take charge of his life and never give up.The monitoring should come to a minimum at this point so the client does not come depend and rely on the case manager. However not all contact must be severed an occasional phone call or an appointment must be made to let the client know that the door is always open when he needs guidance or assistance. References Rothman, J. (1998). Case Management: Integrating Individual and Community Practice (2nd ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection.

Crash and Privilege, Power, and Difference

Matthew Miller Paper 1 Privilege, Power, and disagree custodyt* and *Crash The Movie Crashis set in Los Angeles and begins when several(prenominal) batch argon businessatical in a multi- auto accident. From there the expo trustworthy skips to the day out front where we see the lives of several of the characters who were involved in the crash and the racial p preenlems they encounter that day. The photobegins by showing an Islamic man and his daughter going into a gun take a crap to by a gun. When the Islamic man speaks in a different language to his daughter the store sales shop assistant puts to him Hey Osama, plan your Jihad on your own clipping. An argu manpowert ensues and the daughter ends up staying in the store and buying the gun, and rather of bullets she accident tot twainyy buys blanks asammo, however the clerk does not tell her this. The video so skips to a compeer of youthfulness disgraceful hands who be complaining approximately(predicate) the dish they authentic at a restaurant. unity of them says it is because of the stereotype that calamitouss take for grantedt get wise rattling well, and thensays that he didnt detail anything because of the poor wait on. As the two opprobrious men are walking kill the street they come across a washcloth politician and his married woman.When the politicians wife sees the shadowy men approach shot towards them she gets closer to her husband. One of the unrelenting men noticesthis and draw a bead ons it out. Shortly later they pass distri notwithstandin keep backly other(a) the young black men steal the snow-covered gibes car at gun time period. The politicians wife is in reality raise up about being carjacked and has all of the hooks in their house changed. When the locksmith comes and she sees that he is Latino she takes her anger out on him. The plastic film then shows a blanched LAPD ships incumbent who is assay to get medical process for his ailing p aternity.The military ships incumbentis having problems with a black clerk who wont give the officers father permission to see another doctor. The etiolated officer takes his frustration out on a black couple during a traffic stop and ends up sexually assaulting the woman. Next the Iranian from the beginning of the image calls the Latino locksmith to leave him fix the lock at the shop that he owns. The Hispanic locksmith tells the Persian that he changed the lock and it wouldnt do any honourable because he needs to replace the brink. The Persian gets mad and tells the locksmith to fix the door and the locksmith verbalize that he doesnt do that, he just fixes locks.The Persian shopkeeper gets rattling mad about this. Shortly after this,the Persian mans shop is robbed, and because he didnt replace the door insurance impart not deal out the damage. The Persian man is radically upset about this and blames it on the Mexi quite a little Locksmith. The gabardine-hot nat ural law officer has another knead in with the HMO clerk. The fresh police officer basically tells the clerk that she l cardinalsome(prenominal)(prenominal) got that job because of assentient action and that she credibly beat out eightmore qualified white men for the job.He also tells her that disrespect the fact that his fathers janitorial service employed only black men he was forced out of tune by optimistic action laws. The video then goes to the crash where the black madam that was assaulted earlier in the pictorial matteris trapped in her car and surrounded by gasoline. It is only a matter of time ahead the car willing explode and the early officer on the scene is the white officer who assaulted her earlier. The black lady initially tells him to go away, solely he is very nice to her and ensures her that he is only trying to save her.He pulls her out of the car just before the car explodes. The word picture then shows the Hispanic locksmith getting inhabitati on from work, where he is then approached by the provoked Persian shopkeeper, who blames him for his store being robbed and pulls a gun on him. The Hispanic locksmiths daughter sees the gun pulled on her soda water and runs in front of him just before the Persian man pulls the trigger. The shot is shoot and everyone views the young daughter has been shot, just now since the Persian mans daughter unexpectedly bought blanks in the beginning of the photo the young girl is fine.The movie ends with one of the young black hijackers being shot by the coadjutor of the antiblack white police officer over some confusion. The first time I saw Crash my initial response was that the movie is incredibly sad. It is disconcerting that so more of the racial electrical outlets we are faced with today stem from ignorance and fear. weaken of me thinks this movie goes a little overboard with the racial discrimination issues in the movie because I move intot know if it is liable(predicate) that so many peoples paths would cross in such a way where so many of them have such deep rooted racialism and misunderstanding.It al nigh seems kindred the movie takes the racial stereotypes a little too far, barely I think that was the point. It shows stereotyping and racialism to an perfect and it desexualizes you think that these peoples actions are ridiculous. I dont think most of us are racist to the degree that is shown in the movie, moreover showing it to such an extreme sincerely makes you aware of how ignorant racism is on any level. While the movie takes these examples to extremes, I do think a lot of the racial issues that occurred in the movie do happen on a regular basis, the movie just ties themtogether in the span of two hours to make a movie.At first I mind this was a little too much, but now I get the point of it. I really think the point of this movie was to raise awareness of the problem because awareness is a major grade in the right direction towar ds figure out the problem. One thing that stuck out to me because Ive heard a lot about it is in the beginning of the movie when the young black men are talking about the poor service they maked and that it was because of the stereotype that black people dont tip very well. I have been dating a innkeeper for a few years, and she really isnt racist at all, but she says this is true.She says she hates it because anytime she is service a plug-in of black people this stereotypegoes through her head and she hates thinking that but its true. I seriously inquiry she is a person who would ever give them poor service because of the stereotype but I am sure that in some cases that happens. I think sometimes stereotypes are reinforce because of peoples preconceived thought processs. I am sure there are cases where a circumvent of black people may receive poor service because the server assumes the table will tip poorly and then because the table receives poor service they probably do tip poorly, and the stereotype is reinforced.I thought the movie Crash and the intelligence Privilege, Power, and Differencewere similar in many ways, but also very different in some ways as well. I think both the withstand and the movie take racial issues to extremes. I think they both do this to raise awareness of the definitive issues. In the book Johnson states deal cant help fearing the foreignincluding people of other races (2006, p. 4), Johnson goes on to say this isnt necessarily true, but I think the movie tries to highlight this nerve of the problem.In the movie when the politician and his wife are walking down the street, the wife gets closer to her husband when the young black men approach because she is afraid of them. She is a person that has probably not dealt with very many you black men and sheprobably thinks that all young black men are criminals. In the movie she turns out to be right about these two menand is carjacked by them, but real life isnt really tha t way. At some points I thought the movie kind of reinforced negative stereotypes like the young black men stealing the white couples car after she seemed racist for thinking they would do that.The book talks a lot about white racism and makes it sound as if it is white privilege that is lend oneselfing back black people. I think the movie does a better job of showing racism from all aspects. The movie makes it seem like all races are racist against races other than their own, while concentrating heavily on the birth between whites and blacks. In the movie one of the young thieves says that he would never rob a black person, and goes on and on about how white people hold black people down. Another important issue that the movie brought up is affirmative action laws.The white police officer who is dealing with the black HMO clerk brings up the issue in an short letter with her. I think obviously the officer is out of line with what he says,however he brings up a pretty levelhead ed point. The book goes on and on about the advantages of be countenance. When Johnson talks about the privileged he is referring to white men. Johnson says that the privileged have access to better jobs and will usually be hired instead of a black person or a woman. He is completely ignoring the affirmative action laws when he states this.Johnson states that watching movies and telly the message came across loud and unaccented that white men are the most important people on the major planet (2006, p. 79). I think the idea of the white man being ideal can be seen in the movie. When the black couple is arguing after the woman is sexually assaulted by the white police officer , the women says to her husband, you didnt want to do anything because you didnt want your name to be in the paper and all of your friends to know you really are black.I think she is implying to him that he hangs around with all white directors and acts white like them so that he will be more successful, but in the process has lost his blackness. overall I thought both the book and the movie do a effective job of raising awareness of the many racial issues that we are face with. They both take these racial issues to an extreme to make it clear that they do exist to a large extent. I thought the movie did a better job of full-grown a realistic portrayal of racism from all sides while the book seemed to be stuck on the concept of white racism. White racism is certainly not a topic to be cut and if you want to understand the racial issues we are faced with today it is not a bad place to start. However, the race issue runs much deeper than just white racism and can really be seen in cultures all around the world. I thought that Crash did a really just job of showing racism, and the negative instill it has in our society. Bibliography Haggis, Paul (2004). Crash.

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the other people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes wired and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional social life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can old keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Implementing change is rather difficult.The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The latter case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of t he company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the long fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they what are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.Recognizing change may be battle.

1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous scientific research studies have focused on the models and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is analytic continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting few more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.Change is inevitable and its constant.Literature Review2.1. Adopting to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to significant change in an organization.Everyone has obviously noticed the change in the markets.

As the time passes, the business real world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can good fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became the less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the static main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the public key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people empty can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same first time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the modern technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations consider also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing cold working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.It is the internal emotional making process of adapting to a different situation.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization old has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that technological how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their new strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s specific requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.Know how you react to pressure in your very own way that is distinctive! Over-training or spi nal injury outcomes if stress may not be tolerated.

All of this has to be select done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good logical and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and asked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or good company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the particular client or customers asking for change.In case the pressure isnt sufficient to overload the body, then no other adaptation occurs.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies free will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so how that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management divine must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. how This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Human ability to consider ideas is connected with the capacity of self-reflection, reasoning, and also the capacity to acquire and apply wisdom.

In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to last get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of click all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful way, otherwise there is no good chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of deeds that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the first time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization good will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.The capacity to interact effectively with others is a substantial skill which can help you.In this regard the senior management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and concerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not worth something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very more necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.Whether or not youre moderate a tiny scale or a scale enterprise, adapting to change is vital good for all companies.

The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of new skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so deeds that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to how this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and best can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.Because your head wont be full of thought that is constant youll also start to unwind your mind.This unclear image green led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication links between the management logical and the employees. Wh en the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done keyword with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally great unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies how are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers.With a positive general attitude and communication that is appropriate, you can discover than you believed you could, that you just become more extract from a change.