Beowulf Paper Essay Example for Free

Beowulf Paper EssayTime and again, foul things attacked me, lurking and stalking, but I lashed issue, gave as good as I got with my sword. My skeletal system was not for feasting on, there would be no monsters gnawing and gloating over their banquet at the bottom of the sea. Instead, in the morning, mangled and sleeping the sleep of the sword, specify slopped and floated like the oceans leavings. From now on sailors would be safe, the deep-sea raids were over for good. Light came from the east, bright guarantee of God, and the waves went quiet I could catch up with headlands and buffeted cliffs. Often, for undaunted courage, fate spares the man it has not already marked. However it occurred, my sword had killed nine sea-monsters. Such night-dangers and hard ordeals I cast never perceive of nor of a man more desolate in surging waves. But worn out as I was, I survived, came through with my life. The ocean raise and laid me ashore, I landed safe on the coast of Finland. * S eamus Heaney, Beowulf A new Translation, Lines 559-581The epic numbers, Beowulf, is an old classic champ tale. The author tells throughout the poem how Beowulf is an archetypal hero through different characteristics, good and bad combined. He usually portrays health, skill, consideration, honor, loyalty, respect and the quality of a protagonist, and then(prenominal) at times he also is an antagonist. He sticks to what the king asked him to do, and fought mop up Grendel, then he stayed around to fight off Grendels give and the dragon to keep the town out of danger and terror, showing loyalty, honor, skill, respect, and health. But he was an antagonist when he taunted Grendel to get him to battle him. (Lines 301-709) He also showed consideration when he fought off Grendels mother after she wanted vengeance for Grendel (Lines 710-1007), and when he fought off the dragon (2211-2512). In the particular passage above Beowulf is perceived as Healthy, technical and educated.He comes off as healthy because he says that he fought monsters time and time again, which requires a healthy system to uphold against the constant fighting. He comes off as Skillful because he said that no monsters were gloating over him at the bottom of the sea, instead he was lying on top of the sea, still living and then landed on shore. He also is skillful because he killed nine sea-monsters and protected the sailors from all of the sea monsters that they were once terrorized and killed by. Then Beowulf comes off as Educated because of all the sailors and men that passed through that part of the sea, he was the only one that had the education and skill to kill off the monsters that were dangerous and a hard ordeal.And its not only in this passage that the author shows that Beowulf is healthy, its all the way up until the very last battle where his health pretty a great deal crashes and burns because he cant withstand the wound. But even with all the good, Beowulf is also bad, he doesnt have the best moral quality, existence in a Christian poem. He boasts about how he killed Grendel, and still takes money from the people in the town even when they dont have the most money in the world (Lines 1925-2210). Any person with any moral uphold wouldnt accept the money, gold and horses from the town people and he wouldnt boast about killing someone, he would boast that he protected the town from danger. The author successfully proved Beowulf to be the great hero he was said to be through his depiction of Beowulf as the skillful, educated epic hero and the way he told the story.Works CitedHeaney, S. (n.d.). Beowulf The New Translation.

Online Education vs Traditional Education Essay Example for Free

Online Education vs Traditional Education EssayNowadays, with the technology furtherance and the increased uptake of the internet, online precept has gained significant acceptance and popularity all in all over the world. Not too long ago, online commandment offered no competition to traditional study . Today, with more choices being offered online, traditional education is now approach a number of challenges in every level. This has as a result, the competition between those two educational programs, having to comp atomic number 18 the advantages and disadvantages of both methods of study, being measured since those methods argon means for us to expand our opportunities and advance our careers. In the following paragraphs, I will expand the differences and similarities between online education and traditional education and compare their characteristics. Online education is defined as the creation and proliferation of the face-to-face computer, the globalization of ideas and other human acts, and the use of technology in exchanging ideas and providing access to more stack. Audio, video, computer, and net movementing technologies are often feature to create a multifaceted instructional delivery system. The fundamental method to unite the outstrip education instructor with the distance learner is the network.Networks suitable for distance discipline implementations include satellite, cable modem, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and wireless cable, (Collins, 2002). According to an article, students carry to monitor their progress to the technology evolution and adjust their strategies for learning ground on their development. Plus they need to control a time heed schedule in order to complete online learning activities in the proper timeframes, (Orellana, 2009, p. 470). Online education requires time management skills and requires self-discipline. It takes patience, time and energy to be able to do that with success.The online student must be a ble to balance coach, work, and a family. However, proper management must be maintained in order to balance all of the responsibilities and be successful in all areas. Online education gives you the opportunity to pursue whole tone and affordable education without interrupting your personal or professional life. It allows more flexibility and you are able to manage your study schedule according to your comfort and approachability of time. So, you can program your personal life respectively with your studies thanks to the online educations special mode of learning.This gives to the students the comfort to study from their homes, work coiffes or anywhere they are in the world. Whats more is that, many distance programs allow to their student to complete the feastwork any time during the day, while still adhering to overall deadlines. Online education has visit cost. It is considered more affordable than traditional because in that respect are no transportations costs, no need to buy textbooks and you do not need to rent a place to live close to the university. Also, online education programs offer scholarships, financial aid packages, including loans and grants, exactly as the traditional education institutions.Another characteristic that cannot be ignored is communication. In online education programs you can communicate with your tutors anytime you want, anywhere, with any way you prefer to communicate (with the technology you have available). Online educational techniques are not only flexible and interactive, only if at the same time interesting as. Besides, the fact that the student has straight access to an assigned professor or lecturer, allows each student to learn with the methods that work best for them. Another feature of online education is that if you are not a social person, an online school may be the counterbalance choice for you.You do not have to deal with meeting up new people. Moreover, a big part of people choose to follow the onlin e education route for the quantity of satisfying they are able to find, or because the tutors are more obtainable via internet than they would be in a normal classroom setting. At the same time, there are whatever similarities which can be seen in an online and traditional system of education. First of all, assignments are a part of learning, whether you choose to attend classes online or in a traditional system, you will be assigned homework to complete.The assignments are expected to be done about the course you are enrolled in and delivered them to your personal tutor between the deadlines. A second similarity between online and traditional system is that the reference material text books are common for both systems. plane though a course may be taken online, text books are still central to learning relevant culture and many of the students are using the electronic books. In traditional education, students have to buy the books because they study from them in the class and h ome.Thirdly, tests and exams are used to test your understanding and retention of a particular topic/subject. It is usually given to students during the academic semesters including midterms. Even though you may study in an online course, you have to expect to be required for course exams. Exams may be given online, or you may be required to visit the institutions campus to complete the exam. In both education systems, students have common information to study thus they have common exams. Last but not least, academic instructors make themselves available to students to help them learn the required material.Whether you are care school online or on campus, professors are likely to have office hours, where you can get clarification on an issue or otherwise communicate with your professor. In both the types of classes, teachers will be available to help the students in any matter. Alternatives ways to contact them would be email. Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conv entional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs found in schools that society has traditionally deemed appropriate.Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of liberal education practices, a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students needs and self-expression. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student-centered and task-based approaches to learning. However, many parents and conservative citizens are concerned with the maintenance of objective educational standards based on testing, which favors a more traditional approach.(Wikipedia,2011) First of all, school is a main place which you can meet up people from different places in your community. dwell is too important, no-one can live without having a friend around. School is the most important place for humanity to learn. It is very important for everyone because is a place th at people can build up strong relationships with each other and also is a place to learn a lot of information. In addition, communication is liberal because everyone is on the same building the same hours. So, it is easier for students to study together and help each other.You can ask questions whenever you deal with difficulties either to your teacher either to your classmates because you are all in each other lives. Lastly, study at school is easy for the teacher to take care of the students, help them and get to know how he/she should behave according to the student. Whenever a student has questions or difficulties, he or she can ask teacher right away, also students dont need to wait for a long time just for a question. Now, comparing the traditional education with online education system there are and some differences too.outset with online education, firstly, students do not have the opportunity to socialize with friends and do not communicate with other people. Also, student s are spending too many hours in former of one screen and that can causes back pain and eye problems. Moreover, if you have limited access to internet (connections are slow) and you do not know how to use technology then you probably fail to your lessons. Continuing with the traditional education, enables students to have more creativity and be more sociable thus they can help and collaborate with each other and the teachers.It is easier to communicate because you have face-to-face contact. Furthermore, teachers can provide instant feedbacks to the students and motivate them to succeed and teach them about discipline. In my opinion, REFERENCES * Collins, (2002), rendering of online education * Schutte, J. G. , (1996),Virtual Teaching in Higher Education The new intellectual superhighway or just another traffic jam? , atomic number 20 State University, Northridge. * http//www. acadenia. com/education-articles/Online-education-traditional. asp * http//www. dagorret. net/difference -between-online-education-vs-traditional-education/ * http//lyzreblin.blogspot. com/2012/02/online-education-vs-traditional. html The challenges of online education * Jeni Johnson, (2012), Online Education Vs. Traditional Education, April 4 * Wikipedia, (2011), Traditional education, May, * (Orellana, Hudgins, Simonson, 2009, p. 470). * Elise Wile, Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional Education, eHow Contributor * Similarities Between Online Traditional Classes,eHow. com In conclusion, although online education have some beneficial impacts for students, but traditional education provide better place for students to study and socialize with friends.As well as some people limitations to access technology can occurs students can not have education. An online education program can be a very rewarding experience for those individuals wanting to earn a degree in a non-traditional education environment. Studies have shown that students who are mature, self-motivated and organized are extremely successful in their online learning pursuits. By allowing students to control where and when they study, online programs are best-suited to those individuals who possess strong time management skills and are independent learners.Online learning also offers prospective students who are employed or have children and other family commitments the opportunity to earn a degree without sacrificing other important areas of their lives. Younger students, such as elementary or secondary school age, and students who are dependent learners, may find it difficult to assume the responsibilities required by an online program. Ultimately, you make the final decision as to which education program is right for you.

Evil being Dr Jekylls alter ego Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Evil being Dr Jekylls alter ego Mr Hyde EssayIn each of us, two natures are at war- the good and the evil. All our lives the fight goes on between them one must conquer. But in our own detention lies the power to choose- What we want most to be we are (Robert Louis Stevenson. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1885)Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeBorn in 1850 into a middle class family in Edinburgh, Robert Louis Stevensons Father expected his son to bind in the family tradition and become an engineer. Stevenson, however had other ideas. He was fascinated by literature, but to please his family he studied law, yet he neer practised as a lawyer fulfilling his ambition to become a writer.Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was a product of Robert Louis Stevenson life. Stevensons childhood was blighted by illness and as a government issue he spent much of his time at home under the care of his much loved nurse Alison Cunningham who t obsolescent him stories of ghosts, body snatchers and heaven and hell. Stevenson as a result became fascinated by the idea of good and evil in every person. Stevensons ill health continued for most of his life and as a result he took laudanum and morphine as well as cocaine for chest problems and depression, other factors which may well have affected his life style and his writing.The Stevensons family home was in Edinburgh, but as he grew he travelled more and further, London, Bournemouth, France and the continent. Stevensons choice of London as the setting for Jekyll and Hyde was the result of the extreme hearty divide he witnessed there, the wealth and poverty been vividly displayed. The wealthy affluent London being safe alike(p) the character of Dr Jekyll whilst areas of social deprivation were constantly under treat of crime evil and disease, evil being Dr Jekylls alter ego Mr HydeThis essay willing discuss how the Victorians viewed their rapidly expanding cities. It will also explore how Stephenson theatrical roles contrasting scenes and tolerate descr iptions to portray good and evil.As a result of the industrial revolution Victorian Britain saw a massive movement of people from the countryside to major cities. Hugh numbers of houses were built to accommodate these people, but towns quickly became over crowded and unhealthy places. Filthy conditions and the spread of disease was demolish amongst the poor and working classes. There was high unemployment and no suffrage for the poor, as a result the middle classes entangle a revolution was imminent and felt fearful.Robert Louis Stevenson illustrates a divided city in Mr Utterson and Mr Enfields Sunday walk through the streets of London. They travel through a small quite street, it is described using metaphors like a fire in the forest indicating this street is well kept, a sharp contrast to others in the area, the shutters are described as freshly painted, the brasses well-polished and loosely clean. This indicates that the inhabitants here are doing well. And yet at the corner of the same street stands a two story create.The building has precisely a door on the lower storey, the lack of windows indicating this building has something to hide. It is described as baring the features and marks of prolonged neglect. Stevenson uses the words sinister and sordid to describe this building. The fact that a building of such neglect stands on the same street as the affluent properties gives the reader the sense that everything is not going to be as it first appears in this novel. Stevenson uses this description of a affluence street with the uncharacteristic building an unlikely feature of this street, to prepare the reader for the dual character of Dr Jeklyl on the surface a good respectable person, who is able to turn into a alter ego the evil cruel Mr Hyde.Weather descriptions are used by Stevenson in The Carew stumble Case to depict the depraved nature of Mr Hydes character. The maid in the opening paragraph witnesses the murder of Carew. Stevenson uses graph ic detail in his description of the weather on this night to create the atmosphere and set the scene.The association between lightness and goodness is clear the night is described as been cloudless and lit by a full moon. The moon light on Carews face allows the maid to see his face, which she describes as pleasing to watch, a face breathing innocence and old world kindness. His beauty and innocence bountiful the impression of goodness. This description of Carew makes his fate all the more shocking and sets the scene for the dramatic moment when the maid witnesses the ruffianly murder of Carew by Mr Hyde. Hyde is described by the maid as the complete opposite to Carew, a man she had previously conceived to dislike having an animalistic appearance.Stevenson continues to use weather descriptions to create a sense of foreboding as Mr Utterson travels through the streets of London to the home of Mr Hyde. Though it is nine in the morning the weather is described as foggy like a great c hocolate coloured pall lowered over heaven and dark like the back end of morning, the use of fog and darkness implies a veil to hide and conceal evil. He continues saying that the fog is broken up yet for a moment giving a haggard shaft of day light this being only a brief relieve from the mournful reinvasion of darkness, reinforcing the idea of evil doings and the mournfulness associated with this. By using weather descriptions in this way the city of London clearly becomes a dramatic backdrop for Hydes crimes.Victorian society was stricictly religious and whence encouraged people to hide their sins and repress their desires. In this novel Stevenson offered Victorian society not only a psychological horror but a recognision that there is evil inside all of us, not perhaps to the extremes of Jekyll and Hyde but there is a side we hide, a suggestion that we all have a dual personalityStevenson uses symbolism to create powerful images, for example doors are tradionally powerful and mysterious symbols they represent public and private spheres, things hidden and reveales. Stevenson refers to doors five generation in the opening chapter of this novel. What is also relevant is that the Victorians had a front door /back door rule the front door represented repectability so only those considered important and of high social status entered though the front door. The back door was used for those considered socially inferior, like servants. Stevenson uses this rule to emphasise Hydess social lower rank as he is not admitted through the front door of Jekylls home. What is significant here is that although the reader knows Jekyll and Hydeare one and the same, when Jekyll becomes the depraved Hyde he is evil and socially inferior, a lesson in immorility?

Post Op Protection Helmet Project Health And Social Care Essay

Post Op defense Helmet Project Health And Social C are EssayIntroductionMost of the tolerants who had abidene any major soul surgery allow require an effective encourageion of their wound. After surgery, some patients especially post-traumatic crack have a high risk of capitulationing referable to neurological imp advertizements, weakness, post-op seizures and agitation or confusion and re-injure their division. This is more(prenominal) important if place of the patients skull is re take to the woodsd (craniectomy). Appropriate protective contribute have on during the intense period post-op whoremonger be worn out and reduce the chance of stain. While effective protection for the charge and brass instrument is a priority for these individuals, head disclose should also provide unobstructed vision and adequate ventilation, lightweight, cosmetically acceptable and reasonably priced. Providing effective headwear is a problem for many orthotists and the replenishment team taking care of individuals who have a high risk of head imperfection following a fall. Parents, caregivers and clinicians usually opt to recitation commercial sports helmets or other types of adjustable off-the-shelf headwear. Although commercial helmets are adaptable and comparatively inexpensive, a number of features excite them generally unsuitable for the disabled population post-operation. The main idea for this protection helmet is to provide a comfortable wear for the patient and reduce risk of injuring the head and wound during inpatient period. In other way, the object should be able to minimize the impact to the head if a fall or knock occurs.Chapter 2 LITERITURE RIVIEWHuman brain basin stand up 300 to 400 G of impact without either concussion or skull fracture, provided that thither is no local deformation of the skull to inflict direct injury. Patients sometimes ha head surgery that needed to remove some part of their skull. This will practice impact that bra in hatful withstand lower than original. Thus, the helmet protection for post operative will be needed.2.1 Review JournalAccording to Under rest transmit Neck Trauma by Tony Pan Sanfelipo, the impact that head whoremonger withstand is vary from the location that the forces is being exerted. The frontal atomic number 76 (forehead) can withstand on average, 1,000 to 1,600 pounds of force. The temporo-parietal (sides of head) bones can tolerate around 700 to 1,900 pounds of force. The back of the skull can handle around 1,440 pounds of force. The bones of the face and cheek are less tolerant, standing forces of only 280 to 520 pounds. From this, we can see that the impact that head can withstand is differ from the impact that brain can withstand. Skull is a very strong bone in our skeletal system. But, caution step also needed to be done especially by and by the head operation.According to the Journal of prosthetic and Orthotic authorise The Use of Postoperative Cranial Orthoses in the Management of Craniosynostosis by William J. Barringer, head helmet or cranial orthoses was being widely used in child rehabilitation after having a head surgery of the problem craniosynostosis that is a condition for cranial deformity that can be directly related to the untimely close of cranial sutures. According to the writer, the cause of the problem is still unknown. While in the other Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses by Deanna fish and Dulcey Lima, said that plagiocephaly is a condition of ab radiation patternities of baby head due to pre-natal and post-natal forces exerted to the head of the baby makes the baby head look weird. The causes of these problem are varied care the head could be conformation kindred that before birth (that is still in the womb), the position of the baby during sleep that make some deformation force, the premature birth of the baby and maybe the supine posi tion of the baby during solar daytime also can cause this problem.Both of these problems involve head remodification. For plagioencephaly, the method to modify back the head is by using a head helmet or cranial remolding orthoses. It was being called Cranial remolding techniques. This technique was being use by make up all the areas that need to be curb by a substantive and allows space in areas where growth is to be encouraged to promote the desired head shape. The framework being used to cover the head is often built bid head helmet but not as thick as the normal helmet. The example of the material is polypropylene. While craniosynostotis involved head surgery to shape back their head. Often also used as a treatment after the surgery is the head orthoses. According to William J. Barringer, the patient that used the orthoses after the surgery more likely to have the shape of the head almost regained normal. According to the author, base on the survey that he had make, he con cluded that many advantages that the patient can get by putting on these ortoses after head surgey for craniosnostotis patients like it appears that orthoses can be used to extend the correction gained in surgery or to protect against regression to the pre surgical deformit. It is also apparent that age, severity of deformity, type of deformity, surgical procedure, physician preference, and bone healing play important roles in determining the overall outcome and decision-making. According to the author also, in that location are many ways, material and shape of the head orthoses can be do. An example is a head orthoses that using bends materials that attach the part together.While the authors for the An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses oblige said that many different orthotic designs have been developed during the last 20 years to effectively address this patient population. Whether the design is active or motionless in nature, rigid or flexibl e, hinged or circumferential, the basic principle of all cranial remolding orthoses is to create a pathway for symmetrical growth to occur. The authors also quoted that there are several ways to make the cranial orthoses. A cast or three-dimensional image of the infants head is acquired. The model is modified to full or partial symmetry, depending upon the severity of the condition, design of the orthoses, and protocols of the treating orthotist. Mild and moderate asymmetries may be modified to full symmetry while severe deformations may require forward adjustments to the inner come to the fore of the orthoses to obtain full symmetry throughout the course of the treatment program. Orthotic designs including chinstraps are likely to be less intimate at the initial fitting, allowing for normal growth to follow the internal contours of the orthoses. To date, there is no evidence that any one orthotic design provides better outcomes than another. Symmetrical growth is achieved by ac cordant valuation and adjustments to the orthoses establish upon the childs head shape and growth patterns. Translational movements of the cranial bones are to be expected and frequent evaluation will get word total contact over prominent areas and provide areas of relief over depressed areas. Circumferential growth is accommodated by the removal or recontouring of material and supernumerary material may be strategically added to provide total contact and to stabilize the orthoses on the infants head. It is extremely important for the orthoses to be thoroughly cleaned each day to prevent bacterial bring in-up and problems with scalp rashes. Air holes are commonly added to help dissipate heat as well as to assist in the evaluation of the fit of the cranium to the inner surface of the orthoses.Due to its functional as regain head shape, the cranial orthoses model had to be some sort of aesculapian stratagem that should not affect the patient in bad ways. The U.S. Food and Drug A dministration (FDA) has certain aspect that cranial remodeling orthoses and other medical device manufacturer had to pass before patients can used their model in building blocked State of America. To obtain clearance, manufacturers are required to explain the design of the product(s), how they are intended to work, and how they are manufactured. They are also required to describe the treatment protocols, provide appropriate labeling, and market the devices for only approved uses. exclusively manufacturers must to a lower placego regular FDA audits of their facilities and must comply with the Medical Device Reporting requirements to report any device failure that could lead to serious injury or death. This is being taken from Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled FDA Regulation of Cranial Remodeling Devices by Timothy R. Littlefield.2.2 Disadvantages of The Older DesignWhile cranial remolding orthoses is for children, others explore had been done to make cranial orthoses fo r needed patient after head surgery whether the patients is children or adults. The design should be lightweight, effective and protect the head better. According to Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled Development of a Modular Design, Custom-Fitted Protective Helmet by Steve Ryan,Greg Belbin, Mendal Slack, Stephen Naumann and Rod Moran, stated that the new design by them trough this project should be ascribe because there are many disadvantages of the already have design likeCommercial helmets protect the cranium but leave the facial area, particularly the chin and oral structure, vulnerable. Commercial face shields could provide the extra protection, but they may impede vision and add to a caged in find oneselfing. In addition, because of a face shields remote placement, it could contribute to neck injury if caught on a stationary object during a fall.Usually commercial helmets are designed with ventilation slots and line drive cooling paths, which are conduits for force d air movement through the helmet. Cooling occurs as the wearer moves. This form of ventilation is inefficient for the disabled population since, for the most part, they move at or infra normal walking speed.Suspension in commercial headwear is provided primarily by a chin cup attached to the helmet by straps, which are tightened to prevent helmet movement. Constant pressure applied to the chin could lead to orthodontic problems, particularly in the growing child.Because of these, they proposed new design for the cranial orthoses. Their design is mainly focused of three parts of the head that are anterior section, posterior section and chin protector. Each part are fabricated from polythene foam with the exterior is hard polyethylene while the anterior is low-density polyethylene foam. They fabricate the orthoses and made a survey of it. The result from the survey is the research helmet was found to be an orthotic device that could be readily served in a clinical setting in one ap putment. On average, it required 2 hours to measure, evaluate and fit a subject. The project orthotists felt that, with experience, the helmet could be fitted in less than two hours except in cases where special modifications were required. The orthotists remarked on the ease with which they could dispense the helmet using the specially designed jigs and fixtures provided. No major technical problems or mechanical failures were identified during the helmets post-trial evaluation. This is being sited on their article.2.3 SummaryLast but not least, we proposed the title of our clinical project Post-OP Protection Helmet to help patients head after surgery minimize the risk of reinjuring their head due to possible fall during acute period. Several factors like Post-traumatic, seizure, confusion, agitation and imbalance can lead to knocking their head accidently at the skull defect site. With this device, patient can protect their head especially. For our design, we applied the basic concepts of engineering like the concepts of nothing absorption and load distribution and also biomechanics application.Chapter 3 Methodology3.1 Technique usedThere are two ways of technique we performed our task. Firstly, we used AutoCAD Engineering software to design the shape of the helmet. We used this software because it can perform the shape clearly and make the 3D dimension. We have to consider the convenience and the cosmetically acceptable criteria during the design process.Next, we do the research on the materials for protection helmet which will be manufacture. We had referred to the journals and related reference books. The material must satisfy the ASTM standard, such as tensile strength, abrasive resistance, young modulus and others. In addition, the material should easily fabricate and lower cost.The method we use to build the satellite shell is plastic injection molding, this method is use the plastic from pellets or granules and heat it until melt. Then we push t he melt into a split-die mold where can cool it at the shape design. Finally we open the mold and take out the part, the cycle is repeating. The wall thickness is a important key to use under this method, because the thick wall will take more time to cool and it will have greater the shrinking , but if the wall is edit out so it will cool faster, the less shrinking. And we will use a drilling machine to make some hole to let the air can float out from the protective helmet.For the selective information collection, we compare mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties and chemical resistance between several polymers. From the comparing, we had chosen the polycarbonate as the out(a) surface of the POST-OP Protection Helmet because they are easily worked, moulded, thermoformed and wakeless in mechanical properties. However, for the inner padding, we choose EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) because light weight, easy to mould, odorless, glossy finish, and cheaper compa red to natural rubber. It is good for deceleration impact energy.3.2 Properties of the MaterialProperties of the outer shellDensity0.0397-0.0484 lb/in3Water Absorption0.05-0.7 %Hardness, Rockwell R108-122Tensile Strength, Ultimate5800-12500 psiCharpy Impact20.5-37.6 ft-lb/in2type O Index21-34%Processing Temperature473-585FTable 3.1Properties of the inner paddingSpecific Density0.93TENSILE STRENGTH (psi)2000COMPRESSION STRENGTH (psi)1450IMPACT (IZOD ft. lbs/in)NB inclementnessR40Table 3.2Figure 3.1 Plastic injection molding machineThe material we choose to use for the outer shell is Polycarbonate Resin Thermoplastic 3414(40%GF). The properties of the material below this tableYoungs modulus, psiShear modulus, psiMass density,lb/in3Thermal exp coef, 1in/in/FUltimate tensile,psi14000003190000.054959.30E-0627000Ultimate compressive, psiUltimate shear,psiThermal conductivity, Btuin/hrft2FSpecific heat,Btu/lb/F21000110001.530.25Table 3.3This material has good conductivity compare to other material like Polycarbonate Resin Thermoplastic 3413 (30%GF). So we choose this material.3.3 The Design of the Protection HelmetFigure 3.2 Top view sutures Figure 3.3 Side view suturesFrom the picture above, that was several type of wound, the design of the protective helmet should not contact with the wound part and provide ventilation for air circulation to faster the wound healing. The special of our design is the professionals working with patients needing head coverage after surgery can place lieu pads around the inside of the clear shell. In an area of recent surgery example, pads would be place around a wound or surgical site to keep helmet shell elevated and away from the affected area. Clear polycarbonate shell, edged with soft foam is then lined with self adhesive foam pads in several(a) thicknesses, and ventilation holes are added. Suggestions for placement of the pads are included with the helmet. The helmet is made from thermoplastics polymer material that lightweight , lower cost, and has many high mechanical properties. The benefit of the transparent outer shell design is allows better supervision of the underlying wound and skull defect. The material is crucial factor to this helmet because patient with head surgery need something that can touch very comfortable to their head. Material with least dense with be an awesome choice for them. The helmet also needs to have good mechanical properties to increase wear resistance. The helmet should be not has low strength and low hardness. The needed for these higher mechanical properties is to give protection of the head of the patients in abrasive environment. We should know that patients can be very stressful and lost control after a major head surgery. This is especially true in traumatic brain injury patients. They can bang their head to walls and the helmet should resist the forces from the banging in order to protect the head. So, in overall, the both material for inner and outer parts of the h elmet were made from a very good mechanical properties polymers.Chapter 4 Result4.1 Physical ArchitectureThe design and chosen material was refer to functional, reliable, safety and costly. As we approached the data technique given by the ASTM standard this outcomes design would give very important benefits to us. Besides that, this most suitable material is to reduce the percentage of injury by the patient.The design we come out also very important, the outer surface material is hard, and the inner is comfortable and can absorb the high impact. The outer surface of the protection helmet using clear polycarbonate shell is easily to fabricate by the engineers. This outer surface gives the superior safety effectiveness to the patient.Figure 4.1 sign of Post-OP Protection Helmet Design4.2 Logical ArchitectureFrom this post-Op helmet, the patient should refer by their doctor what kind of shape or where to put the EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) for inner surface on helmet as not to conta ct with the wound. The inner surface had a hollow part to avoid contact to the wound.The ventilations on the outer helmet help the air going in to contact the surface wound. This would help the wound healing more fasters. This also makes the patient head not feel hot and trap with unwanted air thus make the heads skin get irritated.On the other hand, this helmet will give the amazing comfort, rugged durability, lightweight safety and stay-put in custom fit. The helmet would work great for patients post-surgery and the compliance is would be wonderful.CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONOur design has many benefits to post-surgery patient throughout the world based on the advantages likeThe helmet is made from thermoplastics polymer material that lightweight, lower cost, and has many high mechanical properties. The material is crucial factor to this helmet because patient with head surgery need something that can feel very comfortable to their head. Material with least dense with be an awesome choic e for them. The helmet also needs to have good mechanical properties to increase wear resistance. The helmet should be not has low strength and low hardness. The needed for these higher mechanical properties is to give protection of the head of the patients in abrasive environmentWe should know that patients can be very stressful and lost control after a major head surgery. This is especially true in traumatic brain injury patients. They can bang their head to walls and the helmet should resist the forces from the banging in order to protect the head. So, in overall, the both material for inner and outer parts of the helmet were made from a very good mechanical properties polymers.The design of the helmet also makes a very good properties and advantage for the patient. The design of the helmet is ventilation, cosmetic acceptable and functional.It views same shape as our human head shape. So that, the patient can proceeds their normal life without . Strap was adjustable, in case of e mergency, the strap can be easily remove and unlock. At the ear part, the part was uncover, so it was convenience to hearing and very comfortable.CHAPTER 6 DiscussionThe Post -op protection helmet is use to protect the patient from head injury after head surgery. Some of these have a high risk of falling due to multiple medical tortuosity post op. Re-bleeding is the major complication and can cause further neurological deterioration.When the helmet collide something, inside the protective helmet have EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate), it will absorb the energy produce from the collision and the EVA can increase the time between head and the outer shell collision, so the energy will hit the helmet will light and can protect the head from the injury.And the outer shell will have some holes so inside the protective helmet will ventilate and the patient will feel more fresh and comfortable. The outer shell is colour less is because like can let other people easily to know the head conditi on, so can confirm inside the protective helmet is safe.CHAPTER 7 BIBILOGRAPHYBarringer, William J. (2004). The Use of Postoperative Cranial Orthoses in the Management of Craniosynostosis. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 4S(16), 56-58. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http//www.oandp.org/jpo/depository library/2004_04S_056.aspFish, D. Lima, D. (2003). An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 2(15), 37-47. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http// www. oandp.org/jpo/library/2003_02_037.aspRyan, S., Belbin,G., Slack,M., Naumann, S., Moran, D. (1992). Development of a Modular Design, Custom-Fitted Protective Helmet. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 4(4), 213-218. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http//www.oandp.org/ jpo/library/1992_04_213.aspCHAPTER 8 replacement medicine Unit8.1 HistoryThe incision of replenishment Medicine started as a section of the division of Orthopaedic Surgery in 1965 under the head ship of Professor Dr. J.F. Silva. Services provided were general physiotherapy, general occupational therapy and orthopaedic appliances returns. The return of UMs pioneer refilling Physician from University of London in 1984, Dr. Zaliha Omar became a starting point for the development of rehabilitation services in the UMMC as well as in Malaysia.The first service to be introduced was the Rehabilitation Medicine consultation service which provided expert consultations in the fields of general rehabilitation. In addition, Rehabilitation Medicine was introduced as a subject in the undergraduate medical curriculum in 1984.In May 1995, the need to start Masters in Rehabilitation Medicine and Masters in Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine necessitated the shift of the rehabilitation section, from the plane section of Orthopaedic Surgery to the Department of Allied Health Sciences and known as the Rehabilitation Sciences Unit. The Department of Allied Health Sciences then comprised of 2 units ie the biomedical Science Unit and the Nursing Sciences Unit.By then, the scope of rehabilitation services along with the advancement in technology and change magnitude patient demand cut a paradigm shift from being a general rehabilitation service supplier to a specialized rehabilitation treat service provider which emphasized on a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team approach. The first such service to be introduced was the Neuromedical Rehabilitation Service in 1991. This was followed by Spinal Rehabilitation (1992), Upper weapon system and Hand Rehabilitation (1992) and Burns Rehabilitation (1992). The unit then went on to develop other specialised services and continue to climb existing services.These include Paediatric Neurodevelopmental Rehabilitation (1995), Prosthetic Orthotic Management Service, Wheelchair Management Service (1995), Amputee Rehabilitation (1996), Sports Rehabilitation (1998), Work Rehabilitation (1998), Wound Management and diabetic Fo otcare (1998), Geriatric Rehabilitation (1999), Alternative Approaches to Rehabilitation Medicine (Acupuncture Service) in 1999, Neurosurgical Rehabilitation (2002), Womens Health (2002), Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (2003) and cardiac Rehabilitation (2006).The Rehabilitation Sciences Unit of the Department of Allied Health Sciences under the headship of Assoc Prof Dr. Zaliha Omar initiated 2 very important pedantic programmes in the country namely the Master of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation in 1996 and Master of Rehabilitation Medicine in 1997. The early days of conducting 2 new programmes in relatively unknown fields posed numerous challenges but the unit received excellent support from various parties other departments within the faculty as well as from the international arena.One of the priceless contributions was from Professor Balasubramaniam from the National University of Singapore who was previously Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mal aya from 1979 1982. Professor Bala was appointed Visiting Professor to the unit from 1997 to 2000 and as guide for Tun Siti Hasmahs Chair for Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine from 2000 until 2003. The Rehabilitation Medicine Unit was also very fortunate to have collaboration with the University of Melbourne and 13 of its trainees underwent elective training of 6 to 12 months in Melbourne, Australia in various fields in rehabilitation medicine as part of the 4 year masters programme.The Rehabilitation Sciences Unit produced its first graduates in 2001, and to date have produced 17 rehabilitation physicians in Malaysia.The unit has also grown, from a one-man show ie Assoc Prof Dr. Zaliha Omar in the 80s and later in 1994 joined by Dr. Tunku Nor Taayah Tunku Zubir who left in 2001, it now has 6 academic staff and 1 trainee lecturer.The year 2005 saw the retirement of UMs as well as Malaysias rehabilitation medicine icon, Assoc Prof Dato Dr. Zaliha Omar from the academic arena. Howev er she still generously contributes her time to teaching and clinical work in UMMC as a visiting consultant.Current and Future DevelopmentsWith the progress and expansion of the unit in both the academic and clinical fields, the Rehabilitation Sciences Unit put up a proposal in 2006 for the formation of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, a clinical department which is involved in teaching, clinical service and research.With the formation of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and the formalization of the merger of its academic (FOM) and clinical services (UMMC) it is hoped that the field of Rehabilitation Medicine and its multidisciplinary components is better understood and its image and function more prominent.Apart from strengthening and optimizing current clinical services, the department also plans to introduce new services as well as collaborate with other departments in the areas of vestibular rehabilitation, pulmonary rehabilitation, chronic pain management, rh eumatological rehabilitation, lymphoedema management service and others.As rehabilitation medicine is a multidisciplinary discipline, the department has put in its long-term planning, academic programmes in the areas of Prosthetics and Orthotics (in collaboration with Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya), Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and other related fields.The department currently has 20 trainees in rehabilitation medicine who go through a 4 year clinical master programme which also incorporates a research component.With the expansion of clinical services and the increasing number of trainees in the Master of Rehabilitation Medicine programme, the department is constantly reinforcing its faculty and other staff members. The department is also very fortunate to be identified for further development in the form of a one-stop comprehensive rehabilitation medicine complex in the 9th Malaysia Plan.8.2 Introduction of Department of R ehabilitation MedicineThe Department of Rehabilitation Medicine was formed as part of the overall development of Faculty of Medicine and University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur for the purpose of providing clinical services in rehabilitation medicine and to provide training in the various fields of rehabilitation medicine.Apart from providing a comprehensive rehabilitation medicine service involving Rehabilitation Physicians, Medical Trainees in Rehabilitation Medicine, Physiotherapists, Occupational Therapists, Nurses and Medical Social Workers, the department is actively involved in the education of undergrad and Postgraduate Medical Trainees, Undergraduate Nursing Students, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Students from the Ministry of Health, MARA University of Technology as well as private academic institutions.Continuing Professional Development of our multidisciplinary team members is a regular activity of the department. Updates in Medical Rehabilitation are organised regularly for our staff as well as relevant parties from outside the UMMC. All categories of staff have ample opportunity to participate in their respective professional development through conferences as well as courses locally and internationally.8.4 passelThe vision of the department is to become the centre of excellence in activities for the provision of services, education, training and research in rehabilitation medicine and in all associated specialities.8.5 committalThe Rehabilitation Medicine Unit practices multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team approach for patient management and demand a comprehensive and a holistic care based on the individual needs of a patient.The department also considers its mission to be the centre for continuing education, training and maintenance of professional standards for Doctors and Health Professionals of various specialities associated with rehabilitation medicine.To play a catalystic role in research and development of r ehabilitation medicine in University of Malaya and the country.8.6 Services8.61 Clinical ServicesThere includes oecumenic Services, Rehabilitation Medicine Consultation, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Wheelchair Management Service8.62 Specialized ServicesThere includesSpecialty Clinics Rehabilitation Medicine ConsultationNeuro-surgical RehabilitationNeuro-medical Rehabilitationdiabetic Footcare and Wound Management ConsultationSpinal Cord Injury RehabilitationAmputee RehabilitationPaediatric Neurodevelopmental RehabilitationGeriatric RehabilitationSports RehabilitationUpper Limb and Hand RehabilitationBurns RehabilitationDiabetic Footcare and Wound ManagementOrthotics and ProstheticsPre-Driving AssessmentWork ResettlementPsychosocial RehabilitationSwallowingMusculoskeletal RehabilitationScoliosisWomens HealthCardiac RehabilitationWheelchair Seating ClinicVestibular Rehabilitation8.7 Support Group ActivitiesApart from providing the core rehabilitation services, the Departm ent of Rehabilitation Medicine is also involved in co-ordinating various activities such as the following

UK Housing Shortage Strategies

UK Housing Shortage StrategiesWhat Can the Government Do to Solve the Housing Shortage in the UK?AbstractThe expense of crime syndicates in the United Kingdom has doubled over the past ten years and house building is at the lowest level since 1924. It has been estimated that Britain is likely to be heading for a shortage of closely a million base of operationss by the year 2022. In a nation in which as m all as 70 % of adult citizens subdue been accustomed to owning their own home, with amongst the highest rate of home leave alone power in Europe, the shortage of low-cost homes is causing bitterness and frustration as wages and salary earners grapple with the dilemma of reconciling their earnings with their capacity for taking out a mortgage for a home. The record values that waste got been set in the shoes grocery pick up in like manner had an influence on those who atomic number 18 renting or ar otherwise disadvantaged. Although it has been predicted that the bel ongings food foodstuff is likely to bust in a few years, the presidential term has been blamed for having a cumber roughly planning permission process, non releasing sufficient make for for new admit and for doing precious little to intervene in the market for affordable homes. Although attitudes have changed in Europe and the state is now considered to be the enabler quite a indeed a provider, perhaps it is attainable for the authorities, which must also protect the broader national interest, to do more to assist during such hard times. This dissertation postures a preaching around what the government in the United Kingdom sight do to solve the housing shortage in the country.Contents (Jump to)Chapter 1 demonstrationChapter 2 Literature ReviewChapter 3 methodologyChapter 4 Results, Analysis and DiscussionChapter 5 Conclusion and RecommendationsBibliography/ReferencesChapter 1 IntroductionAlthough Britain has experienced housing shortages before, e.g. at the e nd of the Second Great War, the reasons for such shortages were rather explicit and easy to understand as comp atomic number 18d to the reasons for the housing shortage today which is causing serious exsert to citizens (Bond, 1996, Pp. 49), (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2003, Pp. 1) and (The sunlight Times, 2003, Why arent our builders building?). In a nation in which citizens are accustomed to owning their own homes, with home ownership grade of about 70 %, working people are baffled and frustrated with the hefty mortgages that make it impossible for them to even make a deposit for a modest flat (Stephens, 2006, Pp. 4) and (The Sunday Times, 2003, Why arent our builders building?). The government has been acc employ of slow planning and the prices of d s heartying houses have been soaring by as much as 68 % in one year alone. The housing shortage is not totally making life very exhausting for the disadvantaged in the community, only it is also becoming a problem for employers who displacenot recruit key personnel because those who are found to be suitable find it difficult to relocate, as a result of the widening gaps between house prices and disposable incomes (Local Government Association, 2006, Pp. 1 5). Not only is the housing situation causing alarm today, that forecasts for the prox indicate that the situation is unlikely to remedy, with Britain heading for a shortage of a million homes by 2022 (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2006, Shortage of homes over next 20 years threatens intensify housing crisis). Even rural areas are facing a housing crisis (Best, 2006, Pp. 6 27). Figure 1, which is afforded below illustrates the problem.Surveys indicate that citizens believe that afford capability is the major problem and not the shortage of housing (Platt, 2004, Chapter 5). Although field has been considered to be a scarce and valuable resource which needs to be judiciously all(prenominal)ocated for a variety of uses, it appea rs that the government has preferent to take a path that permits private investors, solid estate agents and space developers to play with the market and create shortages, while making huge pro flouts (The Sunday Times, 2003, Why arent our builders building?). It is possible that a zeal for the dismantling of the social welfare state and let the market decide attitude may have permitted developers and investors to agency themselves in a position to control the market. The role of the state in the housing markets of Europe has changed from one of macrocosmness a provider to that of being an enabler and all governments in Western Europe now have a distinctly more support the market attitude with surrender of housing to the market (Doherty, 2005, Pp. 6). However, the accepted estate market of today is one in which in course of actionation is readily and rapidly available to developers and real estate agents finished the internet, making it possible for them to present a united front on home prices and buyers are being asked for huge amounts no matter where they look. Although it is not possible for a government to tell to anyone what they should ask for a property that they own, it is possible that a desire to deregulate everything may have resulted in the government loosing control and disadvantaging the ordinary people, while those who are associated with the property and housing market enjoy record profits (Dixon, 1998, Pp. 1 10), (Dixon, 2005, Section 3) and (Bond, 1996, Chapter 2). The property market and the selling of real estate or homes is certainly not what it used to be and property websites now display property prices for the global market. Investment in the UK property originating from outside UK has certainly been greater then comparable investment in any other European country as is evidenced from the statistics presented in figure 2 below and overseas investors do enjoy some preferential treatment over local investors (Callender, 2004, Pp. 75 83). However, it has been stated that investment from overseas is not the main threat facing the UK property market and problems lie within the domestic property market (Dixon, 2000, Pp. 119). The previous assertion obviously implies that the foreign investment that is made in the UK property market is also something which is needed for the benefit of the UK and its citizens. It is, therefore, likely to be easy for property developers as well as real estate agents to develop loose cartels to anticipate profits from the domestic buyer and to present a united front in regard to prices for homes. Keeping these prices high will certainly benefit property agents and developers, while playing havoc with the common man.In view of the fact that the housing shortage is having a profound impact on the manner in which ordinary people awake(p) out their lives in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, it is worth investigating what, if anything, can the government do to alleviate the shorta ge of affordable housing in the United Kingdom. This dissertation presents a discussion about what the government in the United Kingdom can do to help nail down the housing crisis in the country.The next chapter presents a literature round for the topic of discussion.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewAlthough it is possible for a government to encourage home buyers by trying to provide financial instruments that will provide special assistance with savings that are to be used for the purchase of a home, the rates at which home prices have increased will tend to indicate that it is consequential to come forth more enter for housing and to do this in a manner that will make it impossible for property developers or estate agents not to exploit the situation for generating huge profits by market utilization (Song, 2005, Pp. 2 18) and (Friends of the Earth, 2004, Pp. 4). A certain level of evidence exists about property developers and estate agents having tried to profit from housing ma rkets in the United Kingdom as should be obvious from figure 2, which is presented below (Callender, 2004, Pp. 75 83). Although offering those who are saving to build a home special savings schemes that are appraise free and which offer high interest rates or government contri neverthelessions on with different types of mortgage, home equity or rental insurance programs can assist, all these schemes are likely to be useless if market manipulation continues to increase home prices rapidly. However, the task of controlling real estate markets in a country that accepts free markets and the right to trade in order to gain is not an easy one. Coupled with the release of more soil for housing, it is important that improve and cheaper designs based on rapid build technologies or high rise construction should be developed and a coherent national housing indemnity be implemented (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2003, Pp. 1 4). However, this will mean that the governm ent has to be willing to intervene in the name of social welfare in an era when the Barker Report has been urging deregulation (Friends of the Earth, 2004, Pp. 1 10). Even if inflict is released to developers and the public at relatively low prices, it is entirely possible that the price of this newly released land will increase dramatically as a result of market forces which are being fudged by developers and investors, unless special palm is taken to ensure that the land and the homes on the land are released to those who are in genuine need of an abode.In addition to asking the government to release more land, it has also been proposed that government be lobbied for additional funds for social housing, improved delivery through quick decision making and planning as well as for working closely with the construction sector (Tempany, 2004, Pp. 1 5). Quick decisions on planning permissions with government private partnership in developments, get out licensing requirements for t hose associated with the real estate markets and a more through scrutiny of those who are to be granted permission to develop land are measures that can have an impact (Mayor of London, 2006, Pp. 15 34). However, it has to be understood that the land which is released by the government for housing is a infixed asset of the United Kingdom which may also be useful for feeding the nation, maintaining its environment and for many other useful purposes. Thus, it is also important that decisions about the release of more land for housing be carefully considered.Researchers have suggested that the British Town and Country Planning System excludes every price signal or economic indicator in land use planning and decision making (Cheshire, 2003, Pp. 1 5). It has been proposed that premium on land prices at zone borders should be taken into consideration when granting development permissions and if the land prices exceeded a certain threshold, then investors should be sure that planning permission will be granted. However, this approach alone will not prevent any market manipulation aimed at profiteering or increasing land prices and additional regulation is likely to be needed to encourage individuals or families to own homes for face-to-face or family use only with an aim towards discouraging the use of residential property for speculation aimed at generating profits. Although the management pundits are calling for deregulation, it is likely to be appropriate for the government to take a more direct approach towards housing, as it did for employment, by having government owned real estate dealers and property developers who vie with licensed private sector operators to try an maintain some standards and ethics in the property market. Encouraging high rise developments and limiting the housing land area which can be owned by a single owner with details of land and owner statistics being maintained in a database will ensure that more judicious allocation of lan d and housing is possible (Kristensen, 2004, Pp. 5 10). Tax interventions can be designed to make the ownership of a galactic number of residential properties by a single legal entity unattractive and it is desirable to ensure that a market is created in which home ownership is recognised as a human need, but profiteering is discouraged. Although, the previously mentioned assertions go against the British character and appear to be more communist in nature, they serve to illustrate the difficulties associated with land markets and land market regulation. It is desirable that the government encourage further research on the regulation of land and property markets in the United Kingdom (Cheshire, 2004, Pp. 2 22). Land for housing is a national resource which should be used for the benefit of a maximum number of citizens, with the government being responsible for its judicious distribution and utilisation. However, this will mean that a change in thinking may well be required.Anal ysts are already predicting that housing prices in the UK will fall in the next few years and the real estate as well as the housing markets have exhibited a cyclical behaviour in response to economic activity (Money Week, 2007, Are UK house prices about to fall?) and (Baum, 1999, Pp. 1 11). Thus, it is possible for the government to coif monitory policy in order to influence the housing market, but the problem with such ad skilfulments is that the impact tends to be broader then that on housing. It has been said that a fall in the UK interest rates of 1.5 % has the capacity to turn the booming property market into a bust (Leach, 2000, Pp. 25). However, it has to be realised that the high prices that are being asked for property and housing in extremum locations, such as those in the city of London will not be influenced much by what the government does, because it is not possible to construct more homes on real estate that is owned by the wealthy classes who reside in prime loc ations. The only way to expand in such prime locations is to go vertically upwards and this is what is being done in London and other cities (Baxter, 2005, Pp. 3 9). Everyone exigencys to live in a prime location, but those who are the new well-fixed only end up making those who own property in prime locations to pay more for owning such property by increasing property values which are then taxed at higher rates. Thus, it is unlikely that the housing shortage in the UK will be solved by just releasing more land, because most people will still like to own an abode in a decent or preferably prime location. The decision to own a home at a place is not just influenced by the fact that a shelter is needed, but the amenities, facilities and the economic activity in the neighbourhood are also important considerations that influence the decision. Thus, it is important that government try to influence development in areas that have been neglected so that they become attractive and efforts should be made to provide for economic activity in such areas so that individuals will want to move into these areas. Hence, the development of new housing estates is something that cannot be considered in isolation and a complete development software package is ofttimes required. Local authorities and government are willing to make more efforts to try and rejuvenate city areas that have been neglected and which offer some potential for housing development, but a lot of funds are often required. This means that innovative arrangements for financing such developments will have to be made (Tuffrey, 2004, Pp. 11 17).A discussion about market oriented land use planning has been presented in (Lind, 2002, Pp. 2 11). It has been found that the social dimensions associated with land use planning is now increasingly being enforced by the global market. However, it is possible for the government to encourage increased financial innovation in the property markets and to empower the loca l governments. Britain has been lagging behind North America in financial innovation associated with property and the traditional model is still preferable (Lizieri, 2002, Pp. 1 10). It is possible that some relaxation in the rules which have been imposed by the United Kingdom Treasury can have an impact on the ability of the local governments to arrive at better arrangements with the developers. The nature of the planning permission process in the United Kingdom is encouraging the relatively large developers, with a better ability to manipulate the market, to remain in the market, while driving out the smaller operators (Coiacetto, 2006, Pp. 20). The larger developers are more able to control the tot up of housing and thus home prices. Some problems also appear to present themselves with the methods that are being used for property valuation and brokers as well as borrowers do try to influence property valuation (Crosby, 2000, Pp. 5) and (McAllister, 2006, Pp. 5 6). Unfortunate ly, buyers, sellers and lenders as well as borrowers try to influence valuations, but the price of property is influenced by supply and demand along with the ability of a buyer to pay and the ability of a seller to hold on to the property. However, more impression needs to be given about how government can assist in the development of a truly efficient market and reduce the ability of cartels to squeeze supply and to manipulate the market. Thus better regulation and standards associated with the buying and selling of housing can be attempted to be developed along with more efficient markets.It has been recognised that the current UK system of controlling development does give rise to some problems and the government has been deliberating and consulting in order to try and improve the processes (Allmendinger, 2006, Pp. 5 8). Table 1, which has been presented below provides a summary of the status quo about the current UK system. However, although the issue of rapidly improving the supply of land for new housing development is an important one, other approaches to improve the housing market and for the control of greed are also worthy of consideration when thinking about solutions to a complex situation. Thus, a multifaceted approach will have to be taken, with the forces in the market inter playing in order to find a balance.A discussion about the evolution of land administration systems in Common Law countries has been presented in (Ting, 1999, Pp. 1 14). This paper suggests that the relationship between humankind and land has perpetually been a dynamic one and the direction of such dynamism is dependant on the priorities that are established by a society. It has been asserted in the previously mentioned paper that the state has a duty to promote efficient land markets and the environmentally sustainable use of land through the development of legal manikin that balances the need for construction with the needs for the environment, while minimizing risk an d diversifying land use. It is also stated that state cannot abandon regulation and that regulation should be designed to fit the shifting demands of the economy as well as a nations institutional capacity. It is the parliament in the United Kingdom and the Sovereign who are more responsible then anyone else for establishing the priorities of a society. While Britons are accustomed to living in relatively palatial homes, the Japanese or the Singaporeans have to make do with living in compact high rise flats because of a shortage of land. Plenty of land is available in the United Kingdom, but this does not mean that the government can continue to release land for housing without any regard for future generations, environment and the utility of land as well as the dangers of market manipulation once land has been released into the hired mans of self interested business people. Perhaps one of the reasons why the government is acting rather slowly is to give free markets a chance to wo rk along with the property cycles so that optimal solutions do present themselves. After all, if as well high prices are being asked for, then individuals will not be able to pay and market adjustments will be forced to occur. Alternatively, perhaps individuals can start to live in compact high rise buildings or other novel designs. Decisions that are ultimately made by the parliament will determine the nature of land market in the UK, the type of housing that UK citizens will live in and type of property portfolio that can be afforded. However, when markets are in transition as a result of greed, it takes time for a balance to be achieved and it is necessary to consider a complex set of regulative measures to maintain harmony. Thus, it is likely that the government will act in the most appropriate manner when those who are in a position to establish social priorities have decided that the nation, as distinct from the profiteers, is likely to gain the most.The next chapter of this dissertation presents a discussion about the methodology of research for this dissertation.Chapter 3 MethodologyWhen researching a new topic or tackling a research problem, it is always necessary to benefit from the experiences of other scholars, researchers or investigators who may have pondered on similar issues, as their experience can certainly benefit the investigator in reaching appropriate conclusions and in gaining insights into the problem.The basic technique for the research that was undertaken for this dissertation twisty finding suitable published literature through depository library database searches and internet searches to access journal articles, research papers, published books, research reports and project reports that were related to the character of the dissertation. This literature was then reviewed in order to extract relevant themes which could possibly assist in the investigation that was being conducted for the dissertation. Research as a total is a co mplex and sophisticated field which contributes to knowledge as a whole. The research process results in the generation of a theory, the testing of a dead reckoning or theory or both. Currently, there are two traditions of research which have developed along with their terminology, methods and techniques and these traditions have been referred to by different researchers with different name calling such as qualitative or quantitative traditions in research, humanistic and scientific traditions or the cocksure and phenomenological traditions of research. The differing names refer to the same distinctions in the processes of conducting research. On the one hand, the qualitative tradition consists of case study methods, ethnography and historical as well as action research and on the other hand we have the quantitative tradition that consists of methodologies such as survey research, experimental and quasi-experimental research as well as research after the occurrence of a factual ev ent (Collins, 1999, Chapters 1 3) and (Marshall, 1999, Chapters 1 4).It is possible to express facts as objective honesty which can be expressed as quantities. This forms the basis of the positivist tradition of research which is quantitative research and relies on numbers, measurements and experiments to derive numerical relationships under conditions of controlled behaviour that can be manipulated. The phenomenological tradition attempts to describe and understand reality which is set in perceptions with narratives and observations being used to focus on accord and meaning to yield knowledge and soul (Collins, 1999, Chapters 1 3) and (Marshall, 1999, Chapters 1 4).Generalization of situations and settings, understanding of events and why they occur as well as predictions are some of the results of the research process. There is a difference between explanation and understanding that develops as a result of seeing things happen, after reasons have been fitted into approach patterns and deductions can be made from other known truths. There is a requirement for elements being investigated to be related to other elements and the overall picture forms into a unified model with the unification forming the explanation. Thus, there is an explanation for something when it can be understood. Understanding requires the use of rich descriptions and formation of relationships between different parts. This fitting together of things is what is known as the pattern model and the understanding of patterns is the result of research of a qualitative tradition. This form of research is aided by review of literature. In the quantitative method of research, the more basic facts or laws are used to determine what is to be explained and a deductive model is constructed (Collins, 1999, Chapters 1 3) and (Marshall, 1999, Chapters 1 4).There is a distinction between prediction and generalization. It is possible to deduce an unknown part of a pattern from a known part and, t herefore, the symmetry of prediction and deduction uses the deductive model. In some areas, generalizations tend to be complex with there being a great deal of conflict and scrutiny (Collins, 1999, Chapters 1 3) and (Marshall, 1999, Chapters 1 4).Qualitative research is, therefore, more appropriate for the development of complex interrelationships in the more natural or real life situations with a possibility of using this methodology of research to test theories which have already been developed. The qualitative and quantitative methods of research often work together and quantitative research can be used to further test theories which have been developed using qualitative research and qualitative research can be used to further explain the results of quantitative investigations. Qualitative methods are, therefore, useful for rich descriptions of issues being studied with hopes of achieving better understandings with predictions not being the main aim and generalisations taking t he form of natural generalisation (Collins, 1999, Chapters 1 3) and (Marshall, 1999, Chapters 1 4).A case study may be described as an investigation of a singular nature emphasizing on the individual, group, event or culture. Case studies may involve both quantitative as well as qualitative elements but the studies result in a characteristic wholeness without any loose collection of facts and traits. Case studies build upon concepts, structures and promote understanding with the researchers looking for systematic connections, observable behaviours, causes and speculations. The case study deals with a full body of evidence and this methodology has been found to be of use when questions are being asked about situations or events over which the researchers do not have any control. Case studies are also guided by underlying theories, hypothesis and assumptions but construction of conceptual framework, theory building and conceptual structure are important aims of conducting case studi es. Studies of specific issues in a number of settings are referred to as multi-site case studies and such studies can strengthen the ability to generalize while remaining on the more qualitative side and maintaining in-depth description and consideration (Collins, 1999, Chapters 1 3) and (Marshall, 1999, Chapters 1 4). In this dissertation, the challenges associated with the housing market in the United Kingdom in an era of free trade and globalisation are explored mostly through a process of literature review because this is the most appropriate approach for the subject matter that is being examined. Getting a feel for a market usually involves collecting data from the market, which can be very large, looking at statistics, government regulations, consumer opinion and also seeking the opinion of those who have already dealt with the market. However, because the market is so very large, it is difficult for a single researcher to try and attempt to gather raw data that can be pro cess to provide market information and thus, the task is likely to benefit from the information gathering efforts of large institutions or corporate research offices that do publish reports about markets and market related information.It was felt that the qualitative research methodology is in fact the appropriate one for investigating the topic of dissertation because a honest amount of published research material is available on the topic of discussion. The qualitative research methodology consists of the literature review which has attempted to capture important themes from published literature related to the shortage of affordable housing in the United Kingdom. A quantitative approach involving collecting of new data about the housing situation in the UK is likely to be difficult because statistics related to housing, housing policy, land utilisation and allocation policy etc is likely to be difficult to collect for a single researcher. However, data and statistics that are ava ilable in published form can be of use in the research. Thus, the research methods that were used for this dissertation consisted of basically finding suitable literature related to the topic of research and then examining this literature through a process of literature review in order to present the salient points about the challenges involved with providing those who live in the UK with affordable housing. Suitable literature was selected through a process of library database search, internet search engine search and an examination of the articles as well as research papers which had been presented in journals related to housing, public policy and real estate management etc. Published material that was available from reputed universities and research institutes was also considered in an attempt to gather new ideas and insights related to the topic of discussion.A literature review for the topic of discussion has already been presented along with all the important themes that are t o be found and the next two chapters of the dissertation present a discussion about what could be gathered about the topic of discussion and the conclusions that were able to be reached.Chapter 4 Results, Analysis and DiscussionFrom what has been previously presented, it is obvious that the supply of new homes in the United Kingdom is stagnant and prices are at an all time high. Although the supply of new land and the quick touch of planning permissions are likely to be important in alleviating the situation, the housing market is complex, with large developers and investors being able to take advantage of the situation to manipulate prices by presenting a united front on home prices. In some prime property locations it is no longer possible to provide more land for construction of new homes and in such places the only way to go when constructing is vertically upwards. Because of the fact that better facilities and employment or business opportunities are available at prime locati ons and owning property at such locations is considered to be prestigious, those who own property that is located in prime locations do not want to let go and the newly rich only make it more expensive for them to live there by contributing to price increases, taxes and property values. such price increases also encourage home price escalations at other locations. Thus, the government will not only be required to increase the supply of land for new homes, but also to have a bal

The Production Of Goodfellas Film Studies Essay

The Production Of Goodfellas Film Studies EssayGoodfellas is based on a bear called Wiseguy written by Nicholas Pileggi. Martin Scorsese is the theatre director to goodfellas and at the time never intended to create another mobster mafia film until he read a review of the book which in fact was the inspiration female genitalia reading it in the first place. Scorsese was al fashions fascinated by the mafia demeanorstyle and the book Wiseguy was in his opinion the well-nigh non-fictional representation of a mafia crew he had read. He knew what kind of approach he treasured to reward after reading Pileggis book. He cherished to begin with an explosion of violence and have the photograph get faster and more violent from thence on. From his point of view, it was the tho demeanor attainable to rattling horse sense the exhilaration of the fast passed lifestyle and also to portray the attraction allot of people find in that furcate of lifestyle.Scorsese was drawn to the capr ice of the book Wiseguy being written as a documentary. It gives you a sense of the day to day activities the mafia crew used to get up to. The way they operate, how they take over businesses and for what reasons.It took twelve drafts to reach the ideal script which Scorsese and Pileggi twain collaborated on. The script itself was put together like building blocks made up of sections of the book they both liked. The traditional narrative structure was not followed because Scorsese wanted to rather start in the middle of the film and move backwards and forwards. Another characterization called pulp fiction directed by Quentin Tarintino also uses this same sort of narrative structure. Scorsese wanted to deal with the gangster movie episode by episode. This is how the movie has been shaft throughout. After watching the movie for about an hour, the viewer will realise why the director has done this. It is so the viewer can put the movie together in their heads. In the movie there is also a voice over to give a sense of documentary. To give a sense of one s own opinion and in this case it is Henri hillock that is telling you what exactly happened.Scorsese was able to secure the money to create the movie formerly actor Robert De Niro agreed to play Jimmy Conway in the movie. Robert De Niro was a real well know high ranking actor in Hollywood and this was a sense of security for the financiators. Scorsese casted actor Ray Liotta to play Henri cumulus in the movie but only after he saw him in Something feral directed by Jonathan Demme and thought he had allot of explosive energy in that movie. Liotta had read Wiseguy and was really intrigued by the realism of the book. A couple of old age later it was brought to his attention that Scorsese was going to turn it into a film. Iiotta auditioned for the part of Henry Hill in 1988 and campaigned aggressively for the role in the film. It is rumoured that the studio wanted a well known actor instead.To prepare for t he Jimmy Conway role, De Niro researched material that had been discarded when the book was initially written. This was only done after De Niro consulted Pileggi first. De Niro also consulted the real Henri hill about the real Jimmy Burke. He wanted to know how Burke walked, talked, held his cigarette and so on. This type of research put in by De Niro allow him give an exceptionally realistic portrayal of the real gangster Burke. Ray Liotta would listen to old FBI audio cassette tapes of Hill when practicing his character for the movie. He took note of the way the real Hill would speak and would listen and mimic the way he would speak to slowly condition his speech the same way Hills was. Lorraine Bracco who played Karren in the movie wanted and tried to get as close as possible to a real life mafia wife to get an idea of what that sort of character would be like. She was unfortunately unable to analyse any offer her real life subjects because they exist only in a very high tight-k nit community. In her opinion it was better if the creation came from her. Paul Sorvino didn t have a good deal of a problem when portraying his character Pauli in the movie. However it is said that he found it challenging to really show how cold hearted and ruthless the real life character could be. In his opinion this was only achievable when his own family were threatened.The real Henry Hill was paid about five hundred thousand a couple of weeks before the actual put down for the movie took place. The film was cock in New York, queens, New Jersey and Long Island over a period of three months in the summer. Scorsese had a figure of twenty five million dollars to create the masterpiece but in those days it was still a mid level budget movie. The film was mazed down into many different sequences and Scorsese storyboarded everything because of the complicated style throughout. It is considered that he wanted a lot of movement and wanted the gangster action to be throughout the self-colored picture. In the movie the style seems to break down at the end and gets out of control when approaching Henry Hill s brave out days as a wiseguy. It is also considered that the style of the film comes from the first two or three minutes of 1962 French film Jules and Jim directed by Francois Truffaut. The quick edits, freeze frames, extensive narration and local multiple shots are all tools used in the making of goodfellas. It was this reckless attitude towards the conventional sort of filming that encapsulated how hectic and frantic the characters lives within the movie were. When watching the movie from start to finish it is evident that Scorsese vision was to overwhelm the audience with as much information as possible. Gangster life is very rich so he put a lot of detail into each and every circumstance. galore(postnominal) times in the movie it would freeze and Liotta would voice over the freeze frame. He used these to highlight a point in Henrys life.The scene wh ere Joe Pesci kills rover for talking back to him was a knockout scene to do in Pesci s opinion because he had a difficult time relating to the real soulfulness the character was based on. He had trouble reasonableifying the action and the only way he could get around that was by not judging his character and displace himself in Tommy s shoes and making himself feel the same way his character felt. The scene where Lorraine Braco was about to shoot Henry Hill in the slope on the bed was an emotional one. Many times in the movie her character is portrayed as an abused wife surrounded by villainy and violence. Her portrayal of a gangster s wife was again a description of how seducing it can be by getting involved with a gangster like Henry Hill. It is said that if she did not make her work important then it would probably end up on the trackting room shock taking into account it was a male dominated cast.During some of the rehearsals Scorsese let the actors do and say whatever they wanted to for that particular scene. He made transcripts of miscellaneous sessions and then whenever an actor came up with a good line he would use it in his revised script that the whole cast worked on. An example of this is the what so funny scene where Tommy tells a story about getting beaten up by the cops and Henry responds by calling him funny. This scene was based on an actual event that Joe Pesci was involved in. The actors worked on it during the rehearsals and Scorsese took around four to five takes, one a little bit different to the other. He then rewrote both of theirs dialogue and inserted it into the script. All of this gives a very convincing portrayal of what gangsters were really like because at the point of shooting the scene, the actors are themselves the character they are acting. The luminousness used in the scene is a little dark and mysterious. A lot of red lighting is used which almost gives a sense of hazard which relates to the fact that the room i s full of dangerous gangsters.There was one long tracking shot that followed Liotta and Lorraine from outside the Copacabana clubhouse and followed them right through the whole nightclub until their characters sat down. The shot was over three minutes long and captured many different aspects of Henry s life as a gangster. It shows how Henry has his whole life ahead of him and how much of an important figure he had already become. The scene does a great job at portraying Henry Hill as a celebrity and to highlight the respect people have for him. The scene is a metaphor on how seducing the high profile gangster life can be. Scorsese shot this scene about eight times because he wanted it to be exactly perfect. Near the end of the movie Scorsese wanted to properly show Henry Hills state of anxiety, paranoia and all the racing thoughts going through his head due to the heart of drugs in him like cocaine and amphetamines. It was a hard shoot to do because in real life Ray Liotta had ne ver been under any of these influences. The scenes were shot perfectly and really encapsulate the hysteria behind his characters out of control life at the time. As if to show the characters life was spinning out of control and getting faster every step of the way until one day he hits a brick wall at full speed. The movie was ended with Henry regretting that he no longer was a gangster. Scorsese wanted the movie to end like this because he was trying to engage with the audience. He wanted the audience to get angry at the character and also at the system that allows this sort of thing.The movie showed a cold, unfeeling and horrible view of the mafia life style where all the bad guys are good. That is why the arouse itself is called Goodfellas, another variation of wiseguys, mobsters and gangsters but at the end of the day their all the same meaning. The violence in the movie was depicted realistically as possible with the added detail of freeze frames and voice-overs. It was a docu mentary type of movie based on true events which is also highlighted right at the beginning of the movie. Scorsese s directors cut had so much blood in the uncut version of the movie that he had to remove around ten very short gruesome scenes just to ensure an R rating. Goodfellas was Scorsese s most expensive film to date which cost him twenty five million to make. It was shown a couple of times in California where some of the viewers got a little agitated by the portrayal of Hills last day as a gangster in the mafia because of the way it was shot. Thelma Schoonmaker was the editor for the movie and together she and Scorsese made the sequence faster and faster with a lot more jump cuts to convoy Henry s drug fuelled point of view. When Scorsese did a test screening, about forty people walked out in the very first ten minutes however the front-runner scene for test audiences happened to be the what s so funny scene which later ended up being the most remember able scene of the movi e.The soundtrack was chosen by Scorsese and he really wanted to use the right kind of music that commented the scene or the character in an oblique way. He did have a rule for this and it was basically to use music that was around at that time. For example, if a scene is in nineteen seventy three then he could use any song or type of music that was current at the time or older. A lot of the non dialogue scenes were shot with just music or a particular song and he even had a song called Layla by Derek and the Dominos playing in the downplay of the actual shot when shooting the scene where all the dead bodies are discovered.The premiere of Goodfellas was held at Venice Film Festival in 1990 where Scorsese deservingly was looted the Silver Lion award for best director. It was then released all over the world starting in America and eventually grossing forty seven million which was almost double the amount of money he had put in. There was much critical acclaim to the movie where it s cored top scores on review sites alike. Rotten Tomatoes is a movie review website and they gave this movie 97% also commenting on it calling it great cinema. When watching this movie you can t help but notice the shepherds crook energy vibrating off every game of the flick. When analysing this movie, it is considered to be one of the most picturesque portrayals of the mafia gangster life styles however in my opinion it comes second to the realism portrayal of the Godfather trilogy with the first one released in 1972.

Yahoo :: Free Essay Writer

yokelThe hayseed stock has taken a huge drop and has taken the rest of the stock market with it. The graduation exercise quarter sales are set to be 40% off last years estimates. The stock is down 92 % from its peak, which was set on Dec 30, 1999. The yokel stock has been in a steady downf each since its peak.There were also other drops in technology stocks. Cisco and Intel predicted big revenue enhancement drops and job cuts. This set gave the NASDAQ a 5.3% fall. The index is off 59% from its peak, which was reached last year. Since Yahoos birth in 1995, the company has not had to deal with anything cultivation to the dilemma it is facing nowadays. They know have to deal with problem without their CEO Tim Koogle, who recently stepped aside. It was not too long ago that there were rumors of Yahoo purchase Disney. Now Yahoo would be lucky if Disney buys them. Yahoo was once worth $134 billion, is now valued at less than $10 billion. Yahoo gets almost all of its cash from on line advertising. This has proven to be a good way to get cash in the past five years. At first all of Yahoos 160 million visitors were interested in these advertisements. But these advertisements seem to have lost their luster. Few people are clicking on those flashy top-of-the knave banners. It seems that only .01% of visitors click on the advertisements now, compared to .06% of visitors a couple of years ago. This is interesting statistic compared to the fact that even junk mail gets a 1%-to-2% response rate.The Yahoo Company is almost completely dependent on the ads. Unlike AOL, who are a service provider as well as a gist provider. AOL collects $21.95 per person a month, whereas people using Yahoo get their Internet access elsewhere and are used to paying nothing for content. When the CEO of Yahoo tried to extract even a small fee from users of Yahoos auction service, 90% of the users stopped using the service.Yahoo will now need to find a new CEO, will Yahoo currently fen ding off potential takeovers with a two-year $500 million stock salvation plan. This leaves the company with $ 1.5 billion in the bank, giving it time to figure out how to make more money on its own. Although it might unstated for Yahoo to stay strong when AOL and Microsoft are becoming so dominant.