Organizational Culture Essay

Organizational Culture has been described as the dual-lane values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act. In most organizations, these shared values and practices project evolved over time and determine, toa a large extent, how things are done in the organization. This definition continues to explain organizational values, described as beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals members of an organization should operate and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of manner organizational members should use to achieve these goals.From organizational values develop organizational norms, guidelines, or expectations that prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior by employees in particular situations and control the behavior of organizational members towards one a nonher. The definition of culture implies three things. The culture is perspective, descriptive and finally shared at heart the organization. Research sugge sts that there are seven dimensions that describe and organizations culture.Each of the seven dimensions (shown in exhibit 1) ranges from low to high, meaning it is not very typical of the culture (low) or is very typical of the culture (high). The seven dimensions of culture are Attention to Detail. Outcome Orientation. People Orientation. Team Orientation. Aggressiveness. Stability. establishment and Risk Taking. The culture of an organization can either be Strong or Weak. It is the culture, that sometimes influence the employees behaviors and actions. Strong Culture is said to exist where ply respond to stimulus because of their alignment to organizational values.In such environments, strong cultures help firms operate like come up oiled machines, cruising along with outstanding carrying into action and perhaps minor tweaking of existing procedures here and there. Research shows that strong cultures are those in which the key values are deeply held and widely shared and esta blish a greater influence on employees than do weaker cultures. A Strong culture may be especially beneficial to firms operating in the run sector since members of these organizations are responsible for delivering the service and for evaluations important constituents make about firms.Research indicates that organizations may derive the following benefits from developing strong and productive cultures kick downstairs aligning the company towards achieving its vision, mission, and goals High employee motivation and loyalty Increased team cohesiveness among the companys various departments and divisions. Promoting consistency and encouraging coordination and control within the company Shaping employee behavior at work, enabling the organization to be more efficient.However, in a strong culture, people do things because they believe it is the slump thing to do, this often creates a state where people, even if they have different ideas, do not challenge organizational thinking, ther efore, resulting in a reduced competency for innovative thoughts. Most organizations have moderate to strong cultures that is, there is relatively high agreement on whats important, what defines good employee behavior, what it takes to get ahead, and so forth.However, it is withal important to view what a weaker culture in an organization may yield at An organizations culture is often established by its top managers and it starts at the selection process. For instance, during the employee selection process, managers typically judge job candidates not only on the job requirements but also on how well they might fit into the organization. Further to that, the risk-taking appetite and irreverence to its competitors by the top managers paves the growth and action of an organization.

Helicopter Emergency Medical Service

Helicopter requirement Medical good Air medical station has only been used for the past 70 years. The first true air ambulance course was during the Great War. A Serbian officer was transported from the battlefield to the hospital by plane. Air ambulance was being tested by different military organizations during the First World War. Schaefer Air services was the first United States air ambulance service, created in 1947. The Korean War was the big turning point for EMS chops. In 1950, the military was given authorization to use helicopters for medical purposes.These helicopters were used to evacuate injured patients from the battlefield during combat. The comminuted helicopters were equipped with basket stretchers that were attached to the landing gear. The patients were transported outside of the aircraft, which did not allow for medical during transport. From January 1951 to January 1953 more than 17,000 patients were removed from the battlefield and transported to the hospi tal by helicopter. The use of medical helicopter transport signifi tummytly decreased the causality/death rate among the people in combat.World War II death/causality rate was 4. 5 deaths per 100 casualties, whereas, the Korean War death/casualty rate was 2. 5 deaths per 100 casualties. The Vietnam War introduced to idea of patients receiving medical care during air transport. The Bell UH-1 besides known as the Huey was the frost helicopter that was large enough to carry the patient and medical staff internal the aircraft. The state of Maryland started the nations first combined emergency service helicopter program, in 1969. This program was put into place by the Maryland State Police and the University of Maryland.The program conjugated together the state police, rescue and HEMS (helicopter emergency medical service). In 1972, St. Anthony Central Hospital in Denver Colorado was the first hospital to have civilian hospital-based helicopter transport. This hospital-based helicopte r transport system is st diabetic in use today and is now intergrated with Denver EMS. The attributes of helicopter transport are speed, accessibility, change effect and technology. Modern medical helicopters are capable of sustain speeds in excess of 150mph. This allows for patients to be transported to a specialized care center much faster than background knowledges transport.Using a helicopter allows for emergency medical soulnel to access patients in places ground crews cannot go. A helicopter can operate off and land in a vertical motion. Emergency medical helicopters are staffed with highly trained and skilled staff. EMS helicopters are equipped with highly sophisticated medical technology and can reach people across a wide geographical area. When considering the use of the EMS helicopter you should take all these attributes into consideration. If these attributes are not important, then the use of an dear(predicate) EMS helicopter should not be used.Air medical transpo rt can pose its own stressors to patients, medical staff and medical equipment. These stressors are more predominant in fixed-wing operations rather than helicopter transport. Hypoxemia is the biggest threat to people who fly. However helicopters no dot exceed 1000 feet above sea level. Patients being transported by helicopter are at no significant risk of hypoxemia secondary to decreased ambient pressure. Acceleration of the aircraft is other factor that can stress the patient. Helicopter acceleration force is not that much different than that of ground transport.Acceleration is more significant in fixed-wing aircraft. Noise is a major issue when it comes to helicopter transport. The noise inside the helicopter causes problems for the medical staff. The noise may hinder the medical staff from hearing lung sounds. The staff mustiness use headphones and an intercom system to communicate. Vibration of the aircraft is another problem for the patient and staff. The vibrations can cau se fatigue and discomfort to the patient. Vibration can also cause monitoring errors and equipment malfunction. Air medical transport has a few cons but when life is on the line these issues seem minor.Each helicopter has its own transport team. The transport team may consist of a pilot, registered blow or paramedic, and can include EMTs and EMT-Is. Some public life crews include a physician. Physicians on fight crews have posed a lot of literary argument as to whether a physician as a crew member improves the outcome of the patient. Each crew member must undergo many learning courses as well as hands on training before being employed by HEMS. Safety is the most important aspect to HEMS. Emergency medical helicopters have an alarming history of crashes.The National Transportation Safety Board conducted a occupy to determine the major causes of helicopter crashes. Important areas of feather risk are the pilots, the mechanics of the aircraft, crew training, maintenance, weather conditions, time of day, and landing sites. The study showed that poor weather conditions posed the greatest risk for helicopter crashes. Since, the study many improvements have been made to improve the crash rate. It has been said that the sole decision is set on the pilot as to whether it is safe enough to take the flight or not.The pilot must consider the weather conditions, aircraft maintainence, and crew readiness. Medical personnel cannot make the decision to take the call. Medical personnel should not tell the pilot the nature of the call, because this may deter the pilots judgment. Currently the Federal Aviation Administration is looking to make changes in the safety procedures of HEMS. Air medical transport is generally used in for two reasons, rescue and inter-hospital transfer. Helicopter transport is very expensive and is potentially dangerous.Rescue helicopters are dispatched by emergency personnel at the scene. The helicopter reports to the scene of the accident or il lness. When should a EMS helicopter be dispatched? EMS helicopter should only be called out when speed, accessibility, specialized equipment and personnel are all needed to save life or limb. Inter-hospital air medical transport is generally used to transfer critically ill patients to another hospital that suites the needs of the patient. There are two types of landing sites for EMS helicopters. One type is the controlled site. The controlled site located at hospitals.These landing sites are constructed to safely accomindate the aircraft. The second type of landing site is the uncontrolled landing site. The uncontrolled landing site is landing at the scene of an accident. The landing site is selected by the ground EMS. The pilot looks at the site and determines if it is safe to land or not. scope EMS are trained on how to chose, and mark a landing site. Ground EMS personnel are also trained on how to behave around the aircraft. When a patient is going to be transported by air the g round EMS must prepare the patient for transport.The EMS ground crew should have the patient stabilized as much as possible before transport. Another way ground EMS can prepare the patient is to intubate a patient that has a high potential for loss of airway. Good communication is the biggest factor in a successful transport. Ground EMS typically has radio communication with the helicopter. The communication between the two should be maintained until after the helicopter takes off. Maintaining good communication allows the flight crew to inform ground EMS of any major, unexpected patient complications or malfunctions of the aircraft.EMS helicopters must have well trained, diverse flight crews. These crew members must be able to perform their duties on the scene of an accident and while in flight. The crew members are trained to handle many different types of patients such as drowning, burns, spinal cord injuries, heart attacks, pediatric and neonatal patients. The flight keep is re sponsible for the patient assessment, and interventions before loading the patient on the aircraft. The flight nurse must know how to use all the equipment and know all the safety guidelines pertaining to the aircraft.There are many different requirements to becoming a flight paramedic. A person who wants to become a flight paramedic must be able to work in chaotic situations. Becoming a flight paramedic involves a lot of hard work and dedication. The person who wants to become a paramedic must have at least one year EMT experience and many different certifications such as CPR, Basic Life Support (BLS), Basic Pediatric Life Support (BPLS), Basic Trauma Life Support (BTLS), modern Natal Life Support (NALS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS).In order to become a flight paramedic this person would have to have at least 5 years critical care experience in a high mess progressive EMS system. Becoming a flight paramedic is no easy task.Refe rences Formm, Jr. Robert E. Air medical transport. Journal of Family Practice. March 1993. http//www. findarticals. com/p/articles. hypertext markup language . 1 Oct. 2010. Kreisher, Otto. The Rise of the Helicopter During the Korean War. Aviation History Magazine. History. net Jan 2007. http//www. historynet. com/the-rise-of-the -helicopter-during-the-korean-war. htm. 1 Oct. 010 Federal Aviation Administration. Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Safety. 8 June 2010. http//www. faa. gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story. cfm? newsID+6763. 1 Oct. 2010. Lenworth M. Jacobs, MD, MPH, FACS, and Bennet, Barbra, RN, MPH. The Critical Care Helicopter System in Trauma. Hartford Conneticut.. http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC/articles. 1 Oct. 2010 Gentile. Rosanne. How to Become a Flight Paramedic needful Qualifications and Education. Associated Content. 18 August 2008. http//associatedcontent. com. 1 Oct. 2010

Foundation and Empire 24. Convert

The thin life of Trantor trickled to nothing when they entered among the wide-spaced buildings of the University grounds. There was a solemn and lonely silence over it.The strangers of the mental hospital knew nothing of the swirling days and nights of the bloody Sack that had left the University untouched. They knew nothing of the time after the collapse of the Imperial power, when the students, with their borrowed weapons, and their pale-faced inexperienced bravery, formed a protective extend army to protect the central shrine of the science of the Galaxy. They knew nothing of the Seven Days Fight, and the armistice that kept the University free, when even the Imperial palace clanged with the boots of Gilmer and his soldiers, during the short time interval of their rule.Those of the Foundation, approaching for the first time, realized only that in a world of transition from a gutted old to a strenuous new this bea was a quiet, graceful museum-piece of ancient bullyness.They we re intruders in a sense. The brooding emptiness rejected them. The academic atmosphere satisfymed still to live and to stir angrily at the disturbance.The subroutine library was a deceptively small building which broadened out vastly underground into a mammoth volume of silence and reverie. Ebling Mis paused before the elaborate murals of the reception room.He whispered one had to whisper here I think we passed the catalog rooms back a way. Ill pulley block there.His forehead was flushed, his hand trembling, I mustnt be disturbed, Toran. Will you bring my meals d let to me?Anything you say. Well do all we can to help. Do you want us to work under you-No. I must be merely-You think you will get what you want.And Ebling Mis replied with a soft certainty, I k this instant I willToran and Bayta came closer to setting up housekeeping in popular fashion than at any time in their year of married life. It was a strange sort of housekeeping. They lived in the middle of grandeur with an inappropriate simplicity. Their intellectual nourishment was drawn largely from Lee Senters farm and was paid for in the little nuclear gadgets that may be found on any Traders ship.Magnifico taught himself how to use the projectors in the library reading room, and sat over adventure novels and ro mankindces to the point where he was almost as forgetful of meals and sleep as was Ebling Mis.Ebling himself was completely buried. He had insisted on a hammock being slung up for him in the Psychology Reference Room. His face grew thin and white. His vigor of speech was lost and his favorite curses had died a whacky death. There were times when the recognition of either Toran or Bayta seemed a struggle.He was more himself with Magnifico who brought him his meals and often sat watching him for hours at a time, with a queer, spell-bound absorption, as the aging psychologist transcribed end little equations, cross-referred to endless book-films, scurried endlessly about in a wild mental effort towards an end he alone saw.Toran came upon her in the darkened room, and express sharply, BaytaBayta started guiltily. Yes? You want me, Torie?Sure I want you. What in Space are you sitting there for? Youve been acting all terms since we got to Trantor. Whats the matter with you?Oh, Torie, stop, she utter, wearily.And Oh, Torie, stop he mimicked impatiently. Then, with sudden softness, Wont you tell me whats wrong, Bay? Somethings b oppositeing you.No Nothing is, Torie. If you keep on just nagging and nagging, youll have me mad. Im just thinking. opinion about what?About nothing. Well, about the Mule, and harbor, and the Foundation, and everything. About Ebling Mis and whether hell find anything about the minute Foundation, and whether it will help us when he does find it and a million other things. Are you satisfied? Her component was agitated.If youre just brooding, do you mind stopping? It isnt pleasant and it doesnt help the situation.Bayta got to her feet and sm iled weakly. All right. Im happy. See, Im smiling and jolly. Magnificos voice was an agitated cry outside. My lady-What is it? Come-Baytas voice choked off sharply when the opening door framed the large, hard-faced-Pritcher, cried Toran.Bayta gasped, Captain How did you find us?Han Pritcher stepped inside. His voice was clear and level, and utterly dead of feeling, My rank is colonel now under the Mule.Under the Mule Torans voice trailed off. They formed a tableau there, the three.Magnifico stared wildly and shrank behind Toran. Nobody stopped to notice him.Bayta said, her hands trembling in each others tight grasp, You are arresting us? You have really gone over to them?The colonel replied quickly, I have not come to arrest you. My book of instructions make no mention of you. With regard to you, I am free, and I choose to exercise our old friendship, if you will let me.Torans face was a writhe suppression of fury, How did you find us? You were in the Filian ship, then? You follo wed us?The wooden wishing of expression on Pritchers face might have flickered in embarrassment. I was on the Filian ship I met you in the first place well by chance.It is a chance that is mathematically impossible.No. Simply rather improbable, so my statement will have to stand. In any case, you admitted to the. Filians there is, of course, no such nation as Filia actually that you were heading for the Trantor sector, and since the Mule already had his contacts upon Neotrantor, it was docile to have you detained there. Unfortunately, you got away before I arrived, only if not long before. I had time to have the farms on Trantor ordered to report your arrival. It was done and I am here. May I sit down? I come in friendliness, believe me. He sat. Toran bent his head and thought futilely. With a numbed lack of emotion, Bayta prepared tea.Toran looked up harshly. Well, what are you waiting for colonel? Whats your friendship? If its not arrest, what is it then? Protective custody? Call in your men and give your orders.Patiently, Pritcher shook his head. No, Toran. I come of my own will to speak to you, to persuade you of the uselessness of what you are doing. If I fail I shall leave. That is all.That is all? Well, then peddle your propaganda, give us your speech, and leave. I dont want any tea, Bayta.Pritcher accepted a cup, with a grave word of thanks. He looked at Toran with a clear strength as he sipped lightly. Then he said, The Mule is a mutant. He can not be beaten in the very nature of the mutation-Why? What is the mutation? asked Toran, with influence humor. I suppose youll tell us now, eh?Yes, I will. Your knowledge wont hurt him. You see he is capable of adjusting the emotional balance of human beings. It sounds like a little trick, but its quite unbeatable.Bayta broke in, The emotional balance? She frowned, Wont you explain that? I dont quite understand.I mean that it is an easy matter for him to instill into a capable general, say, the emotion of utter loyalty to the Mule and complete belief in the Mules victory. His generals are emotionally controlled. They can not betray him they can not weaken and the control is permanent. His most capable enemies become his most faithful subordinates, The warlord of Kalgan surrenders his planet and becomes his viceroy for the Foundation.And you, added Bayta, bitterly, betray your cause and become Mules envoy to Trantor. I seeI havent finished. The Mules gift works in reverse even more effectively. Despair is an emotion At the crucial moment, keymen on the Foundation keymen on haven despaired. Their worlds fell without too much struggle.Do you mean to say, demanded Bayta, tensely, that the feeling I had in the Time Vault was the Mule juggling my emotional control.Mine, too. Everyones. How was it on Haven towards the end?Bayta turned away.Colonel Pritcher continued earnestly, As it works for worlds, so it works for individuals. Can you fight a pull which can make you surrender will ingly when it so desires can make you a faithful servant when it so desires?Toran said slowly, How do I know this is the truth?Can you explain the smooth of the Foundation and of Haven otherwise? Can you explain my conversion otherwise? Think, man What have you or I or the whole Galaxy concluded against the Mule in all this time? What one little thing?Toran felt the challenge, By the Galaxy, I can With a sudden touch of fiery satisfaction, he shouted, Your wonderful Mule had contacts with Neotrantor you say that were to have detained us, eh? Those contacts are dead or worse. We killed the crown prince and left the other a whimpering idiot. The Mule did not stop us there, and that much has been undone.Why, no, not at all. Those werent our men. The crown prince was a wine-soaked mediocrity. The other man, Commason, is phenomenally stupid. He was a power on his world but that didnt forestall him from being vicious, evil, and completely incompetent. We had nothing really to do wit h them. They were, in a sense, merely feints-It was they who detained us, or tried.Again, no. Commason had a personal slave a man called Inchney. Detention was his policy. He is old, but will serve our temporary purpose. You would not have killed him, you see.Bayta whirled on him. She had not touched her own tea. But, by your very statement, your own emotions have been tampered with. Youve got faith and belief in the Mule, an unnatural, a diseased faith in the Mule. Of what value are your opinions? Youve lost all power of objective thought.You are wrong. Slowly, the colonel shook his head. Only my emotions are fixed. My reason is as it always was. It may be influenced in a certain direction by my conditioned emotions, but it is not forced. And there are some things I can see more clearly now that I am freed of my earlier emotional trend.I can see that the Mules program is an intelligent and worthy one. In the time since I have been converted, I have followed his career from its st art seven eld ago. With his mutant mental power, he began by winning over a condottiere and his band. With that and his power he won a planet. With that and his power he extended his handbag until he could tackle the warlord of Kalgan. Each step followed the other logically. With Kalgan in his pocket, he had a first-class fleet, and with that and his power he could attack the Foundation.The Foundation is the key. It is the greatest champaign of industrial concentration in the Galaxy, and now that the nuclear techniques of the Foundation are in his hands, he is the actual master of the Galaxy. With those techniques and his power he can force the remnants of the Empire to acknowledge his rule, and eventually with the death of the old emperor, who is mad and not long for this world to crown him emperor. He will then have the surname as well as the fact. With that and his power where is the world in the Galaxy that can oppose him?In these last seven years, he has establi shed a new Empire. In seven years, in other words, he will have accomplished what all Seldons psychohistory could not have done in less than an additional seven hundred. The Galaxy will have peace and order at last.And you could not stop it any more than you could stop a planets tidy sum with your shoulders.A long silence followed Pritchers speech. What remained of his tea had grown cold. He emptied his cup, filled it again, and drained it slowly. Toran bit viciously at a thumbnail. Baytas face was cold, and distant, and white.Then Bayta said in a thin voice, We are not convinced. If the Mule wishes us to be, let him come here and condition us himself. You fought him until the last moment of your conversion, I imagine, didnt you?I did, said Colonel Pritcher, solemnly.Then allow us the same privilege.Colonel Pritcher arose. With a crisp air of finality, he said, Then I leave. As I said earlier, my mission at present concerns you in no way. Therefore, I dont think it will be necessa ry to report your presence here. That is not too great a kindness. If the Mule wishes you stopped, he no doubt has other men assigned to the job, and you will be stopped. But, for what it is worth, I shall not contribute more than my requirement. give thanks you, said Bayta faintly.As for Magnifico. Where is he? Come out, Magnifico, I wont hurt you-What about him? demanded Bayta, with sudden animation.Nothing. My instructions make no mention of him, either. I have comprehend that he is searched for, but the Mule will find him when the time suits him. I shall say nothing. Will you shake hands?Bayta shook her head. Toran glared his frustrated contempt.There was the slightest weighed down of the colonels iron shoulders. He strode to the door, turned and saidOne last thing. Dont think I am not aware of the source of your stubbornness. It is known that you search for the Second Foundation. The Mule, in his time, will take his measures. Nothing will help you But I knew you in other tim es perhaps there is something in my moral sense that urged me to this at any rate, I tried to help you and remove you from the final danger before it was too late. Good-by.He saluted sharply and was gone.Bayta turned to a unplumbed Toran, and whispered, They even know about the Second Foundation.In the recesses of the library, Ebling Mis, unaware of all, crouched under the one spark of light amid the murky spaces and mumbled triumphantly to himself.

The Merger of Ranbaxy and Daiichi

A REPORT ON Ranbaxy-Daiichi get it on 1/26/2012 Ranbaxy-Daiichi Deal Introduction Daiichi Sankyo bought Ranbaxy for $4. 6 cardinal in June 2008. This report studies the implications of the merger betwixt Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo, from an intellectual property as well as a market point of view. There ar many critical events happening in international pharma market including the growing preference for generics, change magnitude dominance of emerging markets such as India, fast approaching patent expiry etc. Also, this pickle involves 2 major players who are the largest among their respective markets.Background Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. acquired 34. 8% of Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. from its promoters and increased its stake through invidious allotment, public offer and preferential issue of warrants to acquire a majority in Ranbaxy, i. e. at to the lowest degree 50. 1%. After the attainment, Ranbaxy operates as Daiichi Sankyos subsidiary but supposed to manage independently dow n the stairs the leadership of its current CEO & Managing Director Malvinder Singh. Mr. Singh left the company in 2009 with a 4. 5 billion rupees severance package. WhyDaiichi Sankyo wanted to acquire a do drugs maker that specialized in generics after(prenominal) Japan eased its laws allowing sales of these cheaper readings of expensive drugs. The deal was a trendsetter in Indian market for future day M&A deals. Indias family-owned companies realized that it was not shameful to sell and profit from their crinklees. Benefits Expected Operational The master(prenominal) benefit for Daiichi Sankyo from the merger was Ranbaxys low-cost manufacturing infrastructure and supply chain strengths. Ranbaxy gained access to Daiichi Sankyos look and development expertise to advance its brand drugs business.Expansion Daiichi Sankyos strength in proprietary medicine complements Ranbaxys leadership in the generics segment and both companies acquire a broader product base, therapeutic instru ction areas and well distributed risks. Ranbaxy gains smoother access to and a strong foothold in the Japanese drug market. fiscal The immediate benefit for Ranbaxy was that the deal freed up its debt. Also, Ranbaxys addition elevated Daiichi Sankyos position from 22 to 15 by market capitalization in the global pharmaceutical market. Synergies . A complementary business combination that provides sustainable growth by diversification that spans the full spectrum of the pharmaceutica l business. 2. An expanded global bowl over that enables leading market positions in both mature and emerging markets with proprietary and non-proprietary products. 3. Strong growth dominance by effectively managing opportunities across the full pharmaceutical life-cycle. 4. Cost competitiveness by optimizing usage of R and manufacturing facilities of both companies, especially in India. 5.Respective presence of Daiichi Sankyo and Ranbaxy in the developed and emerging markets 6. Ranbaxys strengths in t he 21 emerging generic drug markets allow Daiichi Sankyo to tap the potential of the generics business. 7. Ranbaxys branded drug development initiatives for the developed markets significantly boosted through this relationship. 8. Daiichi Sankyo able to reduce its reliance on only branded drugs and margin risks in mature markets and benefit from Ranbaxys strengths in generics to introduce generic versions of patent expire drugs, particularly in the Japanese market. Post-acquisition objectives Daiichi Sankyos focus was to develop new drugs to fill the gaps and take prefer of Ranbaxys strong areas ? To overcome its current challenges in cost structure and supply chain ? To undercoat a management framework that would expedite synergies ? To reduce its exposure to branded drugs in a focusing that it can cover the impact of margin pressures on the business, especially in Japan ? In a global pharmaceutical industry making a shift towards generics and emerging market opportunities, Dai ichi Sankyos acquisition of Ranbaxy signalled a move on the lines of its global counterparts Novartis and local competitors Astellas Pharma.Post acquisition challenges Post acquisition challenges include managing the different working and business cultures of the two organizations, undertaking minimal and essential integration and retaining the management liberty of Ranbaxy without hampering synergies. Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo also needed to consolidate their intellectual capital and acquire an edge over their foreign counterparts. What went molest? A lack of proper due diligence In its eagerness to tap the expertise of a generic drug maker, Daiichi took the risk of buying Ranbaxy for top dollar.Three weeks later, the US Food and Drug governing banned imports of 30 of Ranbaxys generic drugs, and later determined that the company was selling adulterated or illegal medicine. It blacklisted two of the companys manufacturing units, limiting the companys ability to sell drugs made in those facilities. Ranbaxy then reported currency-exchange losses of club billion rupees in 2008. This made Ranbaxy post losses in the same year. Ranbaxy Laboratories coin Flow - in Rs. Cr. Dec 10 Dec 09 Dec 08 Dec 07 Dec 06 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mthsNet Profit Before Tax Net Cash From Operating Activities Net Cash (used in)/from investment Activities Net Cash (used in)/from Financing Activities Net (decrease)/increase In Cash and Cash Equivalents Opening Cash & Cash Equivalents Closing Cash & Cash Equivalents 1565. 25 1168. 89 -2067. 8 991. 48 92. 57 69. 26 161. 83 1061. 92 -1619. 08 -665. 43 -599. 22 86. 12 -462. 91 -214. 14 2817. 2 -793. 46 1755. 07 862. 39 172. 14 68. 93 1927. 21 774. 41 442. 98 685. 77 315. 49 -708. 18 -2103. 74 132. 19 1739. 65 109. 78 -48. 6 62. 36 110. 96 172. 14 62. 36What worked? Mr. Singh timed the sale of his family silverish perfectly he got a huge premium for the stake before U. S. regulatory concerns came to light. Daiichi, after t he initial stumbles, seems to now be heading in the right direction and in the past year has merged Ranbaxys R&D unit in an effort to gain synergies. Daiichi also launched a generic version of Pfizer Inc. s cholesterol drug, Lipitor in US recently. The verdict Fail This is a classic slip of an acquirer fixing top price without looking too closely at the quality of the goods.Daiichi continues to pay for the huge risk it took in the deal. U. S. regulatory problems have slowed down the integration of Daiichi and Ranbaxy a lot more than than expected. We can see that Daiichi is having similar level of operating expenses and yet to achieve anything special from Ranbaxy. US FDA tell that, Ranbaxy had numerous problems at its facilities in US and India. The US DOJ has also filed the consent decree against Ranbaxy in the US district court of Maryland on 26th January 2012, which would further put pressure on the margins. Daiichi is yet to realize anything concrete from this deal.

Hate Crimes: Matthew Shepard Essay

Wyoming, October 7th 1998. Aaron Kriefels is cycling in a inappropriate rural area when he carry outs what at first he opines to be a scarecrow fasten to a fence. He looks closer and sees not a scarecrow, but a young man disadvantageously beaten and close to death. The victims name was Matthew Shepard. On Dec. 1st 1976, Matthew Shepard was born in Casper, Wyoming. He attend primary school in the states, but later on his first year in last school his family move to Saudi Arabia. He then attended the American School in Switzerland where he was elected as a peer mediator.His friends and peers felt comfortable talking to him and he was person you came to when you needed advice. He was draw by his father as an optimistic and accepting young man who had a special lay out of relating to almost everyone. He was the type of person who was very approachable and always looked to new challenges. Matthew had a bully passion for equality and always stood up for the acceptance of pil es differences. 1 In February 1995, during a high school trip to Morocco, Matthew was beaten, robbed, and raped, causing him to withdraw from school.According to his mother, from then on he was prone to experiencing dread attacks and depression. Although this time in his life-time was extremely difficult, Shepard still graduated in May then attended Catawba College in North Carolina and Casper College in Wyoming, before settling in Denver. Shepard became a first-year political skill major at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, and was chosen as the student representative for the Wyoming Environ manpowertal Council. Shortly after midnight, on October 7th, 1998 Shepard met two men (Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson) at the Fireside Lounge.He was offered a ride home, but curtly after leaving they robbed, pistol-whipped and tortured him, tying him to a fence leaving him to die. Matthew was left in the freezing cold suffering from his injuries before slipping into a coma. In to tal, it took 18 hours before he was base and rushed to the hospital. Upon arrival it became apparent that his injuries were too severe and the doctors couldnt operate. On October 12th, Matthew Shepard died of his injuries, never having woken up from his coma.During the tryout, McKinney tried to justify his fills by originally pleading that he and Henderson were driven to temporary insanity by alleged(a) sexual advances by Shepard. I believe this is one of the key circumstanceors in understanding why mickle do what they do when it comes to homoly based hate crimes. When men check out or hit on women they believe it is there right. The right to gaze upon a womans body is something they genuinely believe is a mans right. There is no female equivalent to a mans gaze.It is something that is seen as powerful and socially intimidating, and when the two men in the bar noticed Shepard looking at them it made them believe they were universe hit on as if they were women. Both Aaron McKi nney and Russell Henderson felt they needed to defy not nevertheless their masculinity but their heterosexuality. This is very important because, later on in the trial when McKinney states that while in the car Matthew made an apparent sexual advance toward him, instead of backing by McKinney begins hitting Shepard. later on feeling like he had been emasculated back at the bar, I predict he was just looking for an excuse to exert power over Matt. Whether he had in fact made sexual advances toward Aaron isnt the point, the point is that McKinney chose to defend his heterosexuality by literally beating the life out of him and showing him that he had the power. Both McKinney and Henderson were of slight build, but with Matthew being even smaller and only reaching 51 it only solidified in the minds of the two men their power of the homosexual man.What happens next is what changed this from a triggered Gay Panic Defense (which is, in my opinion a completely false and ridiculous excu se for those who cant control their fists) to a hate crime and a murder. After severely beating Shepard in the moving truck, Henderson tied him to the fence. Their decision to tie his body up for everyone to see is part of their intensions to make it a public display of what they believe should be private. In an interview for the Laramie fuddle (a play based on the events of Matthews death), McKinneys girlfriend tells writers about why the two men really decided to invite Matt into their car.After being disgusted at the thought of being hit on by a gay man they go to the bathway where they plan to ramble on a gay pretense in order to lead Shepard into their vehicle and rob him. They treasured him to be punished for coming onto straight stack. By lifting his body in midair and tethering him to the fence they were sensitive that someone would find him that way. They didnt hide or trash or burry the body, they made it a spectacle. that in doing this, you can deduce that this mur der wasnt fully about Matthew Shepard.He was a trigger, he was someone they could take advantage of. They used his body to show not only to Matthew himself, but to Laramie and the ring community that they were defending their manhood. And in one of the most brutal ways you can imagine. Hate crimes towards people who are a different sexual orientation then others are more common than people think. There are a lot of organizations that try to help stop these hate crimes but I think that these situations should be in the news more often.People need to be more aware about what they swan and what they do because you never know who could be listening. It could be your children who exit take what you say as the truth. It could be someone walking near you or even in the same room and be deeply offended by what you say. You never know who you could offend, be it a friend, a fellow worker or even a family member. People need to watch what they say because you never know who will be listen ing. Hate crimes must be stopped and it will take people to take action against it in order to make the world a better place.

Hate Crimes Essay

The subject of scorn detestations has to the highest floor had an affect on the way in which people socialize with each other on a regular founding. The canonical definition of a hate evil is just about any correspond of violent behavior or vocal laceration of a human being simply on the basis of his or her race, spiritual belief, or his or her familiarity. A vast number of other bases that have an yield on hate crime have been introduced which argon dependants upon guiding principle in written laws.The caper of abhorrence has absolutely overwhelmed every single one of us with queries and wished-for responses on how and why a number of of these blasphemous acts have interpreted place in front of the correct world. It is usu completelyy believed by people that the hate is not endorsed but erudite by means of the background of a soulfulness in particular environments. Several other factors argon believed to be stirring this emotion as well. These are inclusive of the placem ent of a person in society, devout practices, and antagonism in the business ways. compendiumViolent behavior aggravated by a partiality in opposition to victims distinctiveness which are inclusive of race, faith, cultural background, nationalized basis, sexual category, or sexual orientation, are problems that have posed an issue to the entire community. The Federal law has defined a hate crime as at whatever metre a fatality is assaulted on the foundation of his or her race, civilization, religious conviction, sexual orientation, or sexual characteristics hate wrongdoings are made in opposition to constituents of a meticulous group basically due to their fellowship to that group.Statistics show to us that at a time when in one year about nightclub thousand one hundred hate crimes took place, a review of the data by incident showed that all but 4 of the incidents were classified as single-bias (involving only one bias motivation). A breakdown of the single-bias incidents by the type of bias revealed that 51. 4 percent were motivated by racial bigotry, 17. 9 percent were caused by religious intolerance, 16. 6 percent were the result of a sexual-orientation bias, and 13. 7 percent were triggered by an ethnicity/national derivation bias.The remainder involved a bias against a disability. (FBI Releases, 2004). There is no guarantee that hate crimes brush aside ever be stopped. But there are certain steps that can be taken so as to stop such heinous crimes from taking place. First of all, the Federal Laws need to be adjusted as they do not take in sexual orientation as a hate crime. What else is that The Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) should be made tougher with stronger punishments so that people would be terrified of the law (Hate Crimes, 2006).Another very important aspect is that every single hate crime mustiness be reported to the higher authorities as if the sufferer does not speak up when the crime has taken place, the offender just might be able to strike back at him or her or perhaps someone who belongs to the sufferers base of being attacked. Criminal justice administrators and state policy makers should jazz to become conscious that it is necessary to create or regulate hate crime legislation. This is an issue that has undergone untold debate since a long time. The answer to resolving the ever-growing predicament of hate crimes is additional hate crime legislation.ConclusionThe word Hate Crime is perhaps a rather expansive term that holds the basic meaning that hate crime is any offense where the executors narrow-mindedness in opposition to an individual show of people is a feature in having an influence upon who would be the victim. These can be inclusive of race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation etc. the profile of a hate crime offender can vary at all times as they usually appear to be innocent people. The rules against hate crimes need to be stricter so as to help decrease the crime.

Two Kinds of Response to the Challenges of the XX Century: Freud’s Pessimism versus Camus’ Optimism

Early 20th century was a season when European purification found itself in a deep crisis. That was a good old introduction of progress and orderliness in the late 19th century crashed down in the flame of the premier World War. European thinkers had to face a dramatic question whether Europe is still existing and whether its ideals of humanitarianism and enlightenment atomic number 18 still sought- later, or its previous aspiration to the perfect world were in deceitful? Naturally this question was being answered both in pessimistic and rosy light.In this paper I will attempt to analyze these two concepts, using Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents as an example of pessimism and Camus nuisance as example of optimism. At that I am going to argue that both pessimistic and optimistic approach attempted to discover latent essential aspects of human temperament. The difference was unless in the lieu towards these aspects. Freuds work can be distinctively separated into two great periods before and after the WWI. In the first period he explored the optimistic desire of life, pleasure and reproduction that he called Eros.In the second period he became avocationed in the desire of death and killing that he called Thanatos. about basically, he attempted to explain what does mankind exist for, and in the Civilization and Its Discontents he finally melancholically notice that The question of the purpose of human life has been raised countless times it has never received a satisfactory answer and perhaps does not admit of one. (Freud 51). In contrast to Freuds runaround, Camus does answer the question, or, stop to say, offers two answers.The first one is devoted by the people before the Plague Their chief interest is in commerce, and their chief aim in life is, as they call it, doing business. (Camus 2). The second one is given after the Plague has come if there is one thing one can always pine away for and sometimes attain, it is human hit the sac k. (Camus 298). In Camus novel the Plague does not certainly mean war, this is rather a disaster that makes people unite in their new understanding of life values.But what makes people alternate in the disaster and what are the motivations that cause them to change? Freud sees a dramatic conflict between civilization and human nature. In order to become civilized and make use of the benefits of civilization people stupefy to oppress their own nature and civilization, therefore, obtains mastery over the individuals dangerous desire for aggression by alter and disarming it and by setting up an agency within him to watch over it, like a garrison in a conquered city. (Freud 119).Yet those hidden inclinations never disappear and explode like an overheat steam boiler as soon as civilization control weakens in such situations as war or distress. Then people are no longer driven by rules, only by instincts, including desire to deaden and die, that tragically prevails over desire to li ve and give life. Camus agrees with Freud and also pays groovy attention to relations between civilized human individual and the world of indispensable instincts. He notes that whats natural is the microbe.All the rest-heath, integrity, purity (if you like)-is a product of the human will, of a vigilance that must never waffle. (Camus 253). Yet the book does not include much descriptions of any behavior that Freud would call natural. in that location are few scenes of cruelty, bit most of the men stay men like guards at the provide who are not interested in the disgust at all and can easily be bribed to let a man leave the affected city. Life continues even in the times of plague and instinctive behavior is not demonstrated as soon as may be, but only in the most stressing situations.A habit to be civilized still prevails in the Plague. Freud is unable to materialise a way out of this conflict and his late confessions like readiness for a universal love of mankind and the worl d represents the highest standpoint which man can reach (Freud 91) sound futile and unrelated to the subject matter. In contrast to this, his conclusion that One feels inclined to say that the intention that man should be happy is not included in the plan of Creation. (Freud 53) seems to tally up the entire Freuds work.The more people play to become good and orderly, the worse shall be the following explosion of the steam boiler. Human nature is unchangeable and wild for Freud. Camus idea of the role of instinctive side of human nature is different. Men are good after all, and even their instincts can be enjoyable. One of the last scenes of the novel occurs on the seashore. The precedent and a friend of him go swimming symbolically both cleaning themselves from plague and returning to natural roots of their personality. Unknown and uncontrolled dies not surely mean bad for Camus. A disaster does notify the hidden, it strips individual personalities to reveal their most suppress ed inclinations, but who said that those inclinations are always bad? What we let on in time of pestilence that there are more things to admire in men than to freeze off (Camus 306) concludes Camus. Such optimism without hope did give hope to the ruined Europe.